癌症是怎么形成的?癌细胞有什么特征?什么是良性肿瘤?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">癌症是一种可怕的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,它每年夺走了数百万人的生命。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>世界卫生组织的报告,2020年<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>有1929万人被诊断出<span style="color: black;">身患</span>癌症,其中996万人死于癌症。</span><span style="color: black;">癌症的发病率和死亡率在不同的地区和人群中有很大的差异,与遗传、环境、生活方式等多种<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>,什么是癌症?</span><span style="color: black;">它是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>形成的?</span><span style="color: black;">它有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>类型和特征?</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>又该如何预防?什么是良性肿瘤?这篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>就给<span style="color: black;">大众</span>做一颗关于癌的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>知识的科普。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>什么是癌症?</strong></span><span style="color: black;">1.癌症的本质</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">癌症,这个词汇常常让人感到恐惧,但要战胜它,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>理解它。<span style="color: black;">癌症的形成是一个多<span style="color: black;">过程</span>的过程,<span style="color: black;">触及</span>到细胞内多个信号通路的失调。</span>癌症的形成,起源于细胞的不受<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>增殖。在正常<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,细胞的分裂与增殖是有序的,它们是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>身体成长和修复的基石。然而,当这个过程失去平衡,细胞分裂变得<span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>时,癌症就悄然形成。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.细胞分裂:生命的双刃剑</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">细胞分裂是一个<span style="color: black;">精细</span>的过程,由身<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的信号系统严格调控。这些信号由两类基因产生:一类是<span style="color: black;">促进</span>细胞分裂的“<span style="color: black;">原癌基因</span>”;另一类是<span style="color: black;">控制</span>细胞过度分裂的“<span style="color: black;">肿瘤<span style="color: black;">控制</span>基因</span>”。当这两类基因之间的平衡被打破,癌症就可能<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3.突变:癌症的隐形种子</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">细胞在分裂过程中可能会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>错误,这些错误被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“突变”。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>将其比作折叠纸张:<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有充足的时间,每一张纸都能被精确地折叠;但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>时间紧迫,错误就不可避免。细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是如此,分裂速度的加快<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着错误的<span style="color: black;">增加</span>。虽然<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的身体能够修复大部分的突变,但仍有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>突变会逃过监控,影响到原癌基因和肿瘤<span style="color: black;">控制</span>基因,从而<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>癌症。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4.癌症的形成:<span style="color: black;">失去控制</span>的细胞分裂</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当突变累积到<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度,影响到原癌基因,细胞就会接收到<span style="color: black;">太多</span>的分裂信号,<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>序增殖。<span style="color: black;">或</span>,当肿瘤<span style="color: black;">控制</span>基因受到影响,细胞失去了停止增殖的机制。这种对细胞分裂<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的失衡,是癌症形成的<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/hFbxcJQ2CVjhMGpkaVNu4P9evPCKrAAv76KKiaLOLrp7ibE2XmnqjxQkibEVOLoGAJ7k7xyPOvLmtITpRzF6rQH2A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>癌细胞的有什么特征?</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">癌症它<span style="color: black;">到底</span>是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>从<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>的正常细胞转变而来的呢?<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">已然</span>确定了六个<span style="color: black;">重要</span>特征,这些特征使癌细胞与正常细胞截然不同。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1. 自我供给增长信号:</span><span style="color: black;">癌细胞能够<span style="color: black;">自动</span>产生促进增长的信号,这是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>“原癌基因”的突变。</span><span style="color: black;">这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着它们<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>依赖<span style="color: black;">外边</span>的生长信号,而是能够自给自足。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2. 对抗生长<span style="color: black;">控制</span>信号:</span><span style="color: black;">即使身体发出了停止增长的信号,癌细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">忽略</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">它们<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>可能失去了内部的生长<span style="color: black;">控制</span>信号,从而<span style="color: black;">没</span>视身体的调控。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3. 逃避免疫系统的监控:</span><span style="color: black;">癌细胞能够<span style="color: black;">经过</span>某种方式与免疫系统达成“休战”,从而逃避被消除。</span><span style="color: black;">幸运的是,现代医学的“免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂”能够打破这种平衡,激活免疫系统对抗癌细胞。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4. 细胞的不朽性:</span><span style="color: black;">随着细胞分裂速度的加快,突变的累积<span style="color: black;">亦</span>随之<span style="color: black;">增加</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">这些突变可能赋予细胞新的功能,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>延长寿命。</span><span style="color: black;">亨丽埃塔·拉克斯的癌细胞<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个例子,即使在她去世后,这些细胞仍然在实验室中<span style="color: black;">持续</span>增长。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5. <span style="color: black;">连续</span>的血管生成:</span><span style="color: black;">为了获取生长所需的营养,癌细胞能够促进新血管的形成,这个过程<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“<span style="color: black;">血管生成</span>”。</span><span style="color: black;">这就像为一座<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>偏远地区的房子修建道路<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,是必要的<span style="color: black;">过程</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">6. 侵入其他组织:</span><span style="color: black;">癌细胞不仅在原始位置生长,还能够转移到身体的其他部位,这个过程<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“转移”。</span><span style="color: black;">这是癌症最危险的特征之一,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着癌症<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在身体的任何<span style="color: black;">地区</span>生根发芽。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/hFbxcJQ2CVjhMGpkaVNu4P9evPCKrAAv9VGY2HWgV7arsY3tDZQqM2ff6ht4C5vHNWhwzruicluljDhCOxB2xkA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">归类</span>:多样性与共性</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">癌症,这个名词<span style="color: black;">暗地里</span><span style="color: black;">隐匿</span>着多种<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>类型。尽管每种癌症都有其独特性,但它们大致<span style="color: black;">能够</span>归类为四种<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的类型。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1. 癌:</span><span style="color: black;">这是最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的癌症类型,<span style="color: black;">初始</span>于<span style="color: black;">形成</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>器官内膜的细胞。</span><span style="color: black;">这一类别<span style="color: black;">包含</span>了许多人熟知的癌症,如肺癌、乳腺癌和食道癌。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>细胞的突变类型,癌症又<span style="color: black;">能够</span>细分为腺癌、基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌等。</p>
<span style="color: black;">2. 肉瘤:</span><span style="color: black;">相对较少见的肉瘤,源自<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的骨骼、肌肉和血管等结缔组织。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3. 白血病:</span><span style="color: black;">当癌症发源于形成血液的细胞时,即<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的骨髓,它被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为白血病。</span><span style="color: black;">与其他类型的癌症不同,白血病<span style="color: black;">一般</span>不形成实体肿块,而是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>过度增殖的突变细胞,干扰正常血细胞的功能。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4. 淋巴瘤/骨髓瘤:</span><span style="color: black;">这些癌症影响淋巴系统中的白细胞,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>淋巴结、骨髓、胸腺等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与白血病不同,淋巴瘤和骨髓瘤可能形成肿块。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/hFbxcJQ2CVjhMGpkaVNu4P9evPCKrAAvK7vQpl3cGfD0RLjhT62iaVfwvuNfFCPnkU7SDCHPTLibuHx2hrsTNWdw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>降低癌症<span style="color: black;">危害</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">虽然有些癌症<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>的,如BRCA基因突变,但许多<span style="color: black;">外边</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">这些<span style="color: black;">原因</span>被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为致癌物,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>烟草、酒精、石棉、氡气、紫外线和加工肉类。</span><span style="color: black;">避免这些致癌物,以及接种针对某些病毒的疫苗,如乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎和人乳头瘤病毒(HPV),<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span>降低癌症的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,保持健康的体重、<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>和活跃的生活方式对预防癌症<span style="color: black;">一样</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。还有<span style="color: black;">定时</span>的体检和癌症筛查<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>及早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>治愈率。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/hFbxcJQ2CVg0t4Y8ngSRXnsGicXkDzlvUsfu0ru4pnNqS2N0icJFMahLZkUD7wPE9qib5Z5jXCeBtGZ7ic9HpLKsjg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5、</span>关于良性肿瘤</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 1.什么是良性肿瘤?</p>定义与影响:
<span style="color: black;">在医学<span style="color: black;">行业</span>,肿瘤被分为两大类:</span><span style="color: black;">恶性和良性。</span><span style="color: black;">恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>侵袭性,能够穿透<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织并<span style="color: black;">经过</span>血液或淋巴系统扩散到身体其他部位,这种扩散过程<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为转移,是癌症的典型特征。</span><span style="color: black;">而良性肿瘤则不具备这种侵袭性。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">良性肿瘤的特点:</span><span style="color: black;">良性肿瘤的细胞虽然可能<span style="color: black;">反常</span>增殖,但它们<span style="color: black;">一般</span>不会侵入<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的正常组织,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会远距离扩散到身体其他部位。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,良性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">一般</span>被认为是<span style="color: black;">没</span>害的,并且<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>观察来监控其变化。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">良性肿瘤的潜在影响:</span><span style="color: black;">尽管良性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">一般</span>不会对生命<span style="color: black;">形成</span>直接威胁,但它们的存在</span><span style="color: black;">有时会<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>问题。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>肿瘤的位置和大小,它们可能会压迫<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的器官,虽然良性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">一般</span>不会转变为恶性肿瘤,但在某些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,它们可能会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>变异,<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了转变的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>类型的良性肿瘤?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">良性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在身体的任何<span style="color: black;">地区</span>形成。某些类型的良性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">包含</span>:腺瘤:这些肿瘤始于腺体的上皮组织。腺瘤的一个<span style="color: black;">平常</span>例子是结肠息肉。子宫肌瘤:肌瘤由结缔组织<span style="color: black;">构成</span>,通常在子宫内形成。它们可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span>,膀胱问题和盆腔<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。脂肪瘤:脂肪瘤<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>脂肪细胞形成的。它们是最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的良性肿瘤类型。脑膜瘤:这些肿瘤在大脑和脊髓膜中发展,最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的是良性的。痣:这些非癌性生长<span style="color: black;">一般</span>被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为痣,并出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>皮肤上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>良性肿瘤症状?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">良性肿瘤症状取决于肿瘤的位置及其<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>内容。在<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为听神经瘤的良性肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,肿瘤可能会压迫听觉神经,这可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>听力问题和平衡问题。另一方面,脂肪瘤最常<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在皮肤下,不会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>超过肿块。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.良性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">为何</span>以及何时<span style="color: black;">必须</span>治疗?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">良性肿瘤在影响生活质量或其他功能时<span style="color: black;">必须</span>治疗。有时,在治疗前等待并观察良性肿瘤是合适的。但在某些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,最好在<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>到副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>后立即治疗它们。还有,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>良性肿瘤未被改变,它将继续变化并可能变成恶性肿瘤。这<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>要密切监测良性肿瘤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>治疗良性肿瘤?</p>治疗良性肿瘤的方式类似于治疗恶性或癌性肿瘤的方式。<span style="color: black;">首要</span>要确认诊断,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>MRI和CT扫描或进行活检。治疗的方式如手术、放射治疗,免疫治疗等。
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我完全同意你的看法,期待我们能深入探讨这个问题。 回顾历史,我们不难发现:无数先辈用鲜血和生命铺就了中华民族复兴的康庄大道。
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