ikkhksvu 发表于 2024-6-23 20:07:50

骨肿瘤


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    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">骨肿瘤</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当骨中的细胞不受<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>地分裂时，骨肿瘤<span style="color: black;">生长</span>，形成团块或<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>组织。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>骨肿瘤不是癌性，是良性的。良性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">一般</span>不危及生命，在大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，不会扩散到身体的其他部位。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>肿瘤的类型，治疗<span style="color: black;">选取</span>是广泛的 - 从简单的观察到手术去除肿瘤。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有些</span>骨肿瘤是癌性的（恶性的）。恶性骨肿瘤<span style="color: black;">能够</span>转移，或<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌细胞扩散到<span style="color: black;">全部</span>身体。在几乎所有<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，恶性肿瘤的治疗<span style="color: black;">触及</span>化疗，放射和手术的组合。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">骨肿瘤<span style="color: black;">归类</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">General Type&nbsp;<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span></span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">Benign Entity &nbsp;<span style="color: black;">良性</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">Malignant Entity &nbsp;<span style="color: black;">恶性</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">Osseous Producing<span style="color: black;">（骨样/类骨样）</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">Benign Osseous<span style="color: black;">（良性）</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">Malignant Osseous&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">&nbsp;（恶性）</span>Osteosarcoma (OS)</strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(Bone Producing)</p>(Osteoid Producing)
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Osteoma</p>Osteoid Osteoma<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">骨样骨瘤</span></span>Osteoblastoma<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">成骨细胞瘤</span></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Intramedullary Types</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Conventional OS</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(Most Common)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Telangiectatic OS</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Low Grade Intraosseous OS</p><span style="color: black;">髓内/皮质 骨肉瘤</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Intracortical OS&nbsp;</p><strong style="color: blue;">Cartilage Producing&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">（软骨）</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">Benign Chondroid</strong><strong style="color: blue;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Malignant Chondroid</p>Chondrosarcoma (CS)
    </strong>(Chondriod Producing)Enchondroma<span style="color: black;">内生软骨瘤</span>Osteochondroma<span style="color: black;">骨软骨瘤</span>Periosteal Chondroma&nbsp;<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">骨膜软骨瘤</span></span>Chondroblastoma&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">成软骨细胞瘤</span>Chondromyxofibroma (CMF)<span style="color: black;">软骨<span style="color: black;">粘液纤维瘤</span></span>Intramedullary&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">&nbsp;髓内</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Conventional CS&nbsp;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Grade 1</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Grade 2</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Grade 3</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Clear Cell CS</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Mesenchymal CS&nbsp;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Dedifferentiated CSJuxtacortical/Surface</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Periosteal CSSecondary CS</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Osteochondroma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Enchondroma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">MHE</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Enchondromatosis</p>Mafucci???s Syndrome<strong style="color: blue;">Fibrous Producing<span style="color: black;">（纤维）</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">Benign Fibrous</strong><strong style="color: blue;">Malignant Fibrous</strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(Fibrous Tissue Producing)Nonossifying Fibroma</p>Fibrous Dysplasia&nbsp;<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">骨纤维结构<span style="color: black;">生长</span>不良</span></span>Desmoplastic Fibroma&nbsp;<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">成纤维性纤维瘤</span></span>Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma<span style="color: black;">良性纤维组织细胞瘤</span>Ossifying Fibroma<span style="color: black;">骨化性纤维瘤</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Fibrosarcoma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Grade 1 (Low Grade)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Grade 2 (Intermediate)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Grade 3 (High Grade)&nbsp;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(MFH)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(aka: Myxoid Fibrosarcoma)</p><strong style="color: blue;">Small Round Blue Cell<span style="color: black;">（小圆细胞）</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">Beningn Small Round Blue Cell</strong><strong style="color: blue;">Malignant Small Round Blue Cell</strong>(These tumors do not produce matrix; Non Matrix Producing)<span style="color: black;">Eosinophilic Granuloma (EG)</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">嗜酸性肉芽肿</span></span>(Infection can mimic a Small Round Blue Cell Tumor)Ewing Sarcoma / PNET<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">尤文肉瘤</span></span>Lymphoma&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">淋巴瘤</span>Myeloma<span style="color: black;">骨髓瘤</span><strong style="color: blue;">Vascular Origin<span style="color: black;">（血管源性）</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">Benign Vascular</strong><strong style="color: blue;">Malignant Vascular</strong>(Blood Vessel Origin)Hemangioma<span style="color: black;">血管瘤</span>Lymphangioma<span style="color: black;">淋巴管瘤</span>Hemangioendothelioma<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">血管内皮瘤</span></span>Hemangiopericytoma<span style="color: black;">血管外皮细胞瘤</span>Angiosarcoma&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">血管肉瘤</span><strong style="color: blue;">Giant Cell<span style="color: black;">（巨细胞）</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">Benign Giant Cell</strong><strong style="color: blue;">Malignant Giant Cell</strong>Giant Cell Tumor (GCT)<span style="color: black;">骨巨细胞瘤</span>Aneurysmal Bone Cyst<span style="color: black;">(ABC)</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">动脉瘤样骨囊肿</span></span>Malignant Giant Cell Tumor<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">恶性巨细胞瘤</span></span><strong style="color: blue;">Muscle Origin<span style="color: black;">（肌肉）</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">Benign Muscle</strong><strong style="color: blue;">Malignant Muscle</strong>Leiomyosarcoma<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">平滑肌肉瘤</span></span>Rhabdomyosarcoma<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">横纹肌肉瘤</span></span><strong style="color: blue;">Neurogenic<span style="color: black;">（神经源性）</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">Benign Nervous</strong><strong style="color: blue;">Malignant Nervous</strong>(Nerve origin; Very rare to occur in bone)Schwannoma<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">神经鞘瘤</span></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(Neurilemoma)Malignant Peripheral Nerve</p>Sheath Tumor (MPNST)&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">恶性<span style="color: black;">周边</span>神经鞘瘤</span>Neurofibrosarcoma<span style="color: black;">神经纤维肉瘤</span><strong style="color: blue;">Fat Producing<span style="color: black;">（脂肪<span style="color: black;">源自</span>）</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">Benign Fatty</strong><strong style="color: blue;">Malignant Fatty</strong>Lipoma<span style="color: black;">脂肪瘤</span>Liposarcoma<span style="color: black;">脂肪肉瘤</span><strong style="color: blue;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Miscellaneous Origin/</p>Unknown Origin<span style="color: black;">（混合型/未知<span style="color: black;">源自</span>）</span>
    </strong><strong style="color: blue;">Benign</strong><strong style="color: blue;">Malignant</strong>Ganglion&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">腱鞘囊肿</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Unicameral/Simple Bone Cyst (UBC)</p>Aneurysmal Bone Cyst<span style="color: black;">(ABC)</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Liposclerosing Myxofibrous-</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Tumor (LSMFT)</p>Adamantinoma<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">釉质瘤</span></span>Synovial Sarcoma<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">滑膜肉瘤</span></span><strong style="color: blue;">Pediatric Bone Tumors<span style="color: black;">（小儿）</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">Benign</strong><strong style="color: blue;">Malignant/Sarcomas</strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Chondroblastoma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Enchondroma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Enchondromatosis</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Eosinophilic Granuloma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Fibrous Dysplasia</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Hemangioma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Nonossifying Fibroma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Osteoblastoma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Osteochondroma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Osteoid Osteoma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Ossifying Fibroma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Periosteal Chondroma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Ewing Sarcoma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Lymphoma</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Osteosarcoma&nbsp;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Primitive Neuro- ectodermal Tumor (PNET)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VfN5g2oMq0tZhqZiahk8MdVyibMrpNuIml5tGAJB7uSk4qdSwSGn8Fc99m6PlFf4ZkeJ8qXCWrdW1XiaoxKa65fBg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上图为最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的不<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的骨肿瘤和肿瘤样病变。在这个区域里，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>可能会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>多种病理改变：</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">恶性骨肿瘤 &nbsp;Malignant bone tumors：</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尤因肉瘤 &nbsp;<span style="color: black;">Ewings sarcoma</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">骨肉瘤（最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的表现：硬化） &nbsp;<span style="color: black;">Osteosarcoma (most common presentation: sclerotic)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白血病 &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: black;">Leukemia</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">转移和骨髓瘤 &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: black;">Metastases and Myeloma。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">侵袭性良性病变Aggressive benign lesion</span>：</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">感染 &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">Infection</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">嗜酸性肉芽肿 &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">Eosinophilic granuloma</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">局部侵袭性巨细胞肿瘤 &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">locally aggressive Giant Cell Tumor</span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">年龄</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">
            <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">知道</span>的</p>
      </span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">不<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">硬化的</span></strong><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VfN5g2oMq0tZhqZiahk8MdVyibMrpNuImlk7fRIn6pZnvXuNcrDsV7TARPWaumsicC4bkkAfWtNXtaLueAP4SPrlw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上表格是最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的骨肿瘤和肿瘤样病变在不同年龄组。<span style="color: black;">在中间列中<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的边界不清的溶骨性病变。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">请<span style="color: black;">重视</span>以下事项：</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">感染在所有年龄段都可见。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">GCT中的边界欠清在局部侵袭性病变中可见。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">软骨肉瘤<span style="color: black;">通常</span>可见较<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的界限，但高级软骨肉瘤<span style="color: black;">能够</span>是界限不清。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">转移和骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">通常</span>界限分明，但有时不<span style="color: black;">知道</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VfN5g2oMq0sPvLLxg4o8GnicJJfMazw46vL8a0H1Gc4tytCnpib38na7xs1iaXkJm4ibOTPwcy9B0k4mS99Dq6tbcg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上图标注了最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>边缘的骨肿瘤和肿瘤样病变。<span style="color: black;">这些病变有时被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为良性囊性病变，这是一种误<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>除了SBC和ABC，大多数病变不是囊性的。在30岁以下的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中，<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的边界<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>正在处理良性病变，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>在40岁以上的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中，转移和多发性骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>在鉴别诊断中。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VfN5g2oMq0sPvLLxg4o8GnicJJfMazw46LJ4Dicl3cDS3OVeOy3lMwKQ3HCpc27hMqpkJ3icY1pm5vVlCDgIERSCQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">上表中标示了<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>边界的溶骨性骨肿瘤和不同年龄组的肿瘤样<span style="color: black;">损害</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">请<span style="color: black;">重视</span>以下事项：</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中&gt; 40岁以上的转移和多发性骨髓瘤是最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">知道</span>定义的骨溶解性骨肿瘤。</p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">身患</span>甲状旁腺功能亢进的棕色肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应当<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>HPT的其他迹象<span style="color: black;">或</span>进行透析。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">仅基于<span style="color: black;">影像</span>结果，良性软骨瘤和低度软骨肉瘤之间的分化是不可能的</span></strong><span style="color: black;">。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">感染在所有年龄段都可见。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的硬化性骨肿瘤。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VfN5g2oMq0uib9nPhqGHDcbmehGRb4osyibhRicybcHx9EbVwKiaV77hh2FdBSLnibfngOJDKhYICd0cXicMA7mP57Bw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在下表中列出了不同年龄组中最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的硬化性骨肿瘤和肿瘤样病变。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">纤维性<span style="color: black;">生长</span>不良和嗜酸性肉芽肿更常<span style="color: black;">做为</span>溶骨性病变存在，但它们<span style="color: black;">能够</span>是硬化性的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>，在<span style="color: black;">青年</span>的年龄组中经常<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的许多良性溶骨性病变可能愈合，并且在中年组中表现为硬化病变。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">感染在所有年龄段都可见。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">尤其</span>慢性骨髓炎可能<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>硬化外观。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VfN5g2oMq0uib9nPhqGHDcbmehGRb4osynouARpozoZAP2tjJmLUmwmQyQtZbicOVN7Ic1Px50gGHHDVyKIXKLOQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>记忆<span style="color: black;">硬化性骨病变的鉴别诊断的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，</span><span style="color: black;">记住 &nbsp;I VINDICATE</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着“我清除自己的指控 &nbsp;&nbsp;I clear myself from accusation”。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VfN5g2oMq0uib9nPhqGHDcbmehGRb4osyxr1f5Nh7h1cAKgHo9ogZXTl9NUcFDNj4iaFbc3TaXhZcD3TFKXmdQYg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">描述</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">骨肿瘤<span style="color: black;">能够</span>影响<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的任何骨并且在骨的任何部分中发展 - 从骨的表面到中心，<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为骨髓。生长的骨肿瘤 - <span style="color: black;">乃至</span>良性肿瘤 - 破坏健康组织并削弱骨骼，使其更易于骨折。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当骨肿瘤是癌性时，它是原发性骨癌或继发性骨癌。原发性骨癌<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上在骨中<span style="color: black;">起始</span>，而继发性骨癌在身体的其他<span style="color: black;">地区</span>开始，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>转移或扩散到骨。继发性骨癌<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为转移性骨病。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从其他<span style="color: black;">地区</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>并常常传播到骨的癌症类型<span style="color: black;">包含</span>：</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳房</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肾脏</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">前列腺</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">原发性骨癌</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">四种最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的原发性骨癌类型是：</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">多发性骨髓瘤。多发性骨髓瘤是最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的原发性骨癌。它是骨髓的恶性肿瘤 - 软组织在产生血细胞的许多骨骼的中心。任何骨骼都可能受到这种癌症的影响。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">多发性骨髓瘤每年每10万人影响约6人。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>国家（荷兰）癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所，每年<span style="color: black;">大概</span>9万人<span style="color: black;">身患</span>该<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>病例见于50和70岁之间的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。多发性骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">一般</span>用化疗，放射治疗和偶尔用手术治疗。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">骨肉瘤。骨肉瘤是第二<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的原发性骨癌。它每年<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在百万分之二到五个人，大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下在青少年和儿童。大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>肿瘤在膝盖<span style="color: black;">周边</span>在股骨（大腿）或胫骨（胫骨）中发展。其他<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的位置<span style="color: black;">包含</span>臀部和肩膀。骨肉瘤<span style="color: black;">一般</span>用化疗和手术治疗。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尤因肉瘤。尤文氏肉瘤<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>在5至20岁的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中。受影响的最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>部位是上下腿，骨盆，上臂和肋骨。尤文氏肉瘤<span style="color: black;">一般</span>用化疗和手术或放射治疗。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">软骨肉瘤。软骨肉瘤<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>软骨产生细胞<span style="color: black;">构成</span>的恶性肿瘤。它在40岁至70岁的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>。大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>病例<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在髋部，骨盆或肩部区域。在大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，手术是用于软骨肉瘤的<span style="color: black;">独一</span>治疗。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">良性骨肿瘤</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有许多类型的良性骨肿瘤，以及<span style="color: black;">有些</span>类似于骨肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>和病症。虽然这些病症不是真正的骨肿瘤，但在许多<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下它们<span style="color: black;">必须</span>相同的治疗。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>类型的良性骨肿瘤和<span style="color: black;">一般</span>与肿瘤分组的病症<span style="color: black;">包含</span>：</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">非骨化性纤维瘤</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">单纯（简单）骨囊肿</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">骨软骨瘤</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">巨细胞瘤</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">软骨瘤</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">纤维性<span style="color: black;">生长</span>不良</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">成软骨细胞瘤</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">动脉瘤骨囊肿</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">骨质性骨瘤</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">原由</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>骨肿瘤，<span style="color: black;">原由</span>是未知的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">症状</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>骨肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>在肿瘤区域经历<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。<span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>描述为钝的和<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在夜晚恶化，并且有时可随活性<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">骨肿瘤的其他症状可<span style="color: black;">包含</span>发烧和盗汗。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">许多<span style="color: black;">病人</span>不会有任何症状，但会<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛的肿块。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然骨肿瘤不<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>创伤<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">损害</span>有时<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">损害</span>。<span style="color: black;">损害</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>被肿瘤弱化的骨折断裂或断裂。这可能是严重的痛苦。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">偶尔，当<span style="color: black;">因为</span>另一个<span style="color: black;">原由</span>（例如扭伤的脚踝或膝盖<span style="color: black;">损害</span>）而采取x射线时，可能偶然<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>良性肿瘤。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">感染，应激性骨折和其他非肿瘤病症都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>非常类似于肿瘤。为了<span style="color: black;">保证</span>你有骨肿瘤，你的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>将进行一次彻底的<span style="color: black;">评定</span>和进行<span style="color: black;">有些</span>测试。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">病史</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>的一部分，您的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>将<span style="color: black;">得到</span>完整的病史。他或她会问你的<span style="color: black;">通常</span>健康，你<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>和你<span style="color: black;">日前</span>的症状。你的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>想<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>你或任何家庭成员<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有任何肿瘤或癌症的病史。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">体检</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">您的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>将进行彻底的体检，重点放在肿瘤块。他或她将寻找：</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤区域肿胀或压痛</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">覆盖皮肤的变化</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">质量的存在</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">任何影响肿瘤可能对<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的关节</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在某些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，您的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>会<span style="color: black;">检测</span>您身体的其他部位，以排除可能扩散到骨骼的癌症。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">检测</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">X射线。X射线<span style="color: black;">供给</span>诸如骨骼的致密结构的图像。在大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，您的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>会订购X光片以<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>诊断骨肿瘤。不同类型的肿瘤在X射线上可能看起来不同。有些溶解骨骼或在骨骼中打洞，其他<span style="color: black;">导致</span>额外的骨形成，有些人可能做这两个。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">股骨（大腿骨）肿瘤。该X射线<span style="color: black;">表示</span>在大腿骨末端<span style="color: black;">导致</span>类似茶碟的侵蚀的肿瘤。插图是<span style="color: black;">运用</span>横截面磁共振图像（MRI）<span style="color: black;">表示</span>相同的肿瘤。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其他影像学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有必要，您的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>将订购磁共振<span style="color: black;">影像</span>（MRI），计算机断层扫描（CT）或骨扫描，以<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>进一步<span style="color: black;">评定</span>您的肿瘤。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">股骨（大腿骨）肿瘤。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个x射线<span style="color: black;">表示</span>在大腿骨中间的肿瘤。还<span style="color: black;">运用</span>磁共振<span style="color: black;">影像</span>（MRI）观察肿瘤。顶部的<span style="color: black;">插进</span>物<span style="color: black;">表示</span>冠状MRI。底部的<span style="color: black;">插进</span>物<span style="color: black;">表示</span>横截面MRI。所有图像上的箭头<span style="color: black;">表示</span>肿瘤的位置</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肱骨（上臂）肿瘤和骨折。该X射线示出了<span style="color: black;">经过</span>上臂的骨中间的肿瘤的骨折。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">活检。可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span>活检以确认骨肿瘤的诊断。在活检中，从肿瘤中取出组织样品。在显微镜下<span style="color: black;">检测</span>该样品，并由病理学家（<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>细胞鉴定<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>）进行分析。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有两种基本的进行活组织<span style="color: black;">检测</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">针活检。<span style="color: black;">这里</span>过程中，您将<span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>局部<span style="color: black;">麻木</span>。<span style="color: black;">而后</span>，您的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>将一根针<span style="color: black;">插进</span>肿瘤中以去除<span style="color: black;">有些</span>组织。针活检<span style="color: black;">一般</span>在<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的办公室进行。在<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，放射科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>将进行针活检。在这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，将<span style="color: black;">运用</span>诸如x射线，CT扫描或MRI扫描的<span style="color: black;">影像</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>来<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>引导针。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">打开活检。在该过程中，在手术室中进行活检。在你给予全身<span style="color: black;">麻木</span>让你睡觉后，你的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>会做一个小的切口，并取出<span style="color: black;">有些</span>组织。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在针活检中，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>将针<span style="color: black;">插进</span>肿瘤中以移除<span style="color: black;">有些</span>组织。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在开放活检中，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>外科手术移除组织。这<span style="color: black;">一般</span>在手术室中进行。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其他测试。您的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>可能会订购血液和/或尿液测试，以<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>确认骨肿瘤的诊断或排除其他<span style="color: black;">前提</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">非手术治疗</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">良性肿瘤</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你的肿瘤是良性的，你的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>可能<span style="color: black;">意见</span>只是密切监测，<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>它<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>改变。<span style="color: black;">这里</span><span style="color: black;">时期</span>，您可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>随访X射线或其他测试。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有些</span>良性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗有效。有些会随着时间消失。这<span style="color: black;">针对</span>儿童中<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的某些良性肿瘤尤其如此，例如骨样骨瘤。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">恶性肿瘤</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你有骨癌，治疗将包括来自不同医疗专科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的团队在<span style="color: black;">一块</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>护理。<span style="color: black;">有些</span>人将是肿瘤学家 - 专门从事癌症治疗的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。您的团队可能<span style="color: black;">包含</span>骨科肿瘤学家，医学肿瘤学家，放射肿瘤学家，放射科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>和病理学家。治疗的目的是治愈癌症，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>尽可能最好地保持受肿瘤影响的身体部分的功能。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">治疗取决于几个<span style="color: black;">原因</span>，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>癌症是局部的，癌细胞被<span style="color: black;">包括</span>在肿瘤和紧邻的<span style="color: black;">周边</span>区域。当癌症<span style="color: black;">已然</span>到达转移<span style="color: black;">周期</span>时，它<span style="color: black;">已然</span>在身体的其他<span style="color: black;">地区</span>扩散，并且可能更严重并且更难治愈。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>经常结合几种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来治疗恶性骨肿瘤：</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">放射治疗。放射治疗<span style="color: black;">运用</span>高剂量X射线杀死癌细胞和收缩肿瘤。这只能治疗束的区域中的癌症。它不治疗癌症在身体的其他<span style="color: black;">地区</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">化疗（全身治疗）。化学疗法<span style="color: black;">一般</span>用于杀死肿瘤细胞，当它们<span style="color: black;">已然</span>扩散到血流中<span style="color: black;">然则</span>在测试和扫描中仍然<span style="color: black;">不可</span>被检测到。它<span style="color: black;">一般</span>在癌性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>非常高的扩散可能性时<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。化疗<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是静脉注射（注射到静脉中）或吞咽的药丸或胶囊。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一般</span>，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>手术除去恶性肿瘤。<span style="color: black;">一般</span>，放射治疗和化疗与手术组合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">手术治疗</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">良性肿瘤</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在某些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，您的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>可能<span style="color: black;">意见</span>去除肿瘤（切除）或另一种手术技术，以减少骨折和残疾的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。在适当的治疗后，<span style="color: black;">有些</span>肿瘤可能回来，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>重复。很少，某些良性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">能够</span>扩散或变得癌变（转移）。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">恶性肿瘤</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肢体<span style="color: black;">救治</span>手术。这种手术移除骨的癌性切片，但尽可能保持<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的肌肉，腱，神经和血管完整。外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>将取出肿瘤和其<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的健康组织的一部分。切除的骨被替换为金属<span style="color: black;">移植</span>物（假体），来<span style="color: black;">自己</span>体其他部位的骨或来自供体的骨。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">截肢。截肢是手术去除<span style="color: black;">所有</span>或部分手臂或腿。它<span style="color: black;">一般</span>在肿瘤大和/或<span style="color: black;">触及</span>神经和血管时<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。假肢<span style="color: black;">能够</span>辅助截肢后的功能。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">复苏</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">你的恢复的长度和<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>性将取决于肿瘤的类型以及执行什么类型的程序。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当治疗完成后，您的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>可能会订购<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的X射线和其他<span style="color: black;">影像</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>，以确认肿瘤<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上<span style="color: black;">已然</span>消失。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">治疗后，您将继续看<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>，每隔几个月进行一次随访和<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。即使肿瘤消失了，<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是监测你的身体复发的迹象。回来的肿瘤可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>严重的问题，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是<span style="color: black;">初期</span>检测它们。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本文中的统计数据由AAOS<span style="color: black;">科研</span>和科学事务部审查。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">最后审查：2015年9月</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">贡献和/或更新： Robert H. Quinn，MD</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">同行评议： Stuart J. Fischer，MD; Colin F.Moseley，MD; Rajiv Rajani，MD</p><span style="color: black;">免责声明：部分内容源自互联网和其他公众平台，仅供阅者浏览或参考，不<span style="color: black;">保证</span>准确性。如有侵犯版权请<span style="color: black;">通知</span>，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>将<span style="color: black;">即时</span>删除。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>您<span style="color: black;">自动</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>本账号<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的信息<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了损失或损害，本账号不负任何法律责任。您浏览本站<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的内容，您的浏览<span style="color: black;">行径</span>将被视为对本声明<span style="color: black;">所有</span>内容的认可。</span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">




星☆雨 发表于 2024-9-10 03:01:29

感谢楼主分享，祝愿外链论坛越办越好！

b1gc8v 发表于 2024-10-17 11:26:24

期待更新、坐等、迫不及待等。
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