j8typz 发表于 2024-10-19 18:35:59

国内第1家个体餐馆北京悦宾饭馆:女老板给叶帅夫人当了17年保母


    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-axegupay5k/04134c142c114ab5a1ecb209387513dd~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1729417220&amp;x-signature=XBohp7t5I0BM2loh5m4OI6Z3cF8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">悦宾饭店</p>
    </div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span>好,我是兰台。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今天兰台要和<span style="color: black;">大众</span>聊一聊1978年以后,国内<span style="color: black;">第1</span>家个体餐馆——悦宾饭馆。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>要聊这个呢?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>悦宾饭馆是极<span style="color: black;">少许</span>几十年都<span style="color: black;">无</span>更换过营业<span style="color: black;">位置</span>的饭店,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说是北京距离“百年老店”<span style="color: black;">近期</span>的私营餐厅。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>,悦宾饭馆的人员流动<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是北京民营餐厅里很低的,主厨何建军从2005年<span style="color: black;">起始</span>就在悦宾饭馆工作了,他是从端菜洗菜的厨师学徒一步步成长为了悦宾饭馆的主厨的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>悦宾饭馆<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>还在<span style="color: black;">运用</span>创始人刘桂仙所<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的算盘记账。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">接下来,兰台就简单为<span style="color: black;">大众</span>介绍一下悦宾饭馆。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/d51ba83c62f0408e829d571cf70fc1a5~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1729417220&amp;x-signature=djpCuXWXpSDXa5pHDmeykuRbQ54%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">郭培基</p>
    </div>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">01、</h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">悦宾饭馆的创始人是一对夫妇,男主人叫郭培基,女主人叫刘桂仙。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">两人都是河北肃宁县人,都出生于1932年。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肃宁县<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>河北省中南部,沧州市最西端,东与河间市交界,北与高阳县接壤,西与蠡县为邻,南与饶阳县和献县毗连。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">两人十几岁就离开老家到北京谋生了。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">新中国成立后,两人都<span style="color: black;">由于</span>出色的厨艺<span style="color: black;">天分</span>而<span style="color: black;">得到</span>了一份不错的工作。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">郭培基在1978年之前,曾经在中南海和北京饭店工作过,这在当时就非常难得的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">北京饭店在1978年之前,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说是北京<span style="color: black;">独一</span>的涉外饭店,新中国四大名厨都在北京饭店工作。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">能进北京饭店当厨师,那手艺必须过硬。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/8f0eff80033c4f80af8dd0b7a830d19a~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1729417220&amp;x-signature=Z2gd61pC5ADLokdjZAtd9UbB3sA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">悦宾饭馆</p>
    </div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1978年后,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>种种<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>“人员满了”的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,郭培基没能回到原单位北京饭店,而是被安排在北京内燃机厂做炊事员。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">实话实说,这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是后来<span style="color: black;">引起</span>郭培基愿意和妻子<span style="color: black;">一起</span>“干个体”的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>:受委屈了。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">北京饭店的厨师和内燃机厂的炊事员,那就相当于把一个<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员从故宫调到了鞍钢历史<span style="color: black;">摆设</span>馆。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而刘桂仙则在叶剑英元帅夫人曾宪植家里做<span style="color: black;">保母</span>,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>烧菜好吃,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>负责为曾宪植做饭,这一干<span style="color: black;">便是</span>17年。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">两人开馆子的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>源自于“穷”。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/696f475ea00143dda465f81526f26622~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1729417220&amp;x-signature=9IEYvWM7vmQcr5Wm%2F%2F%2FT1u2bZd0%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">曾宪植</p>
    </div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">郭培基虽然是“大师傅”,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">一月</span>的工资<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>不到四十块钱,而刘桂仙虽然<span style="color: black;">始终</span>给曾宪植当<span style="color: black;">保母</span>,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">一月</span>就只有30块钱。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说两口子工资加在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>还不到70块钱,而<span style="color: black;">她们</span>有四男一女五个<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>,其中最小的<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>到了找工作的年纪。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而当时<span style="color: black;">因为</span>回到北京的<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人太多,工作很<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>找。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">换言之,郭培基和妻子两个人<span style="color: black;">一月</span>几十块钱要养七口人,这真的太局促了。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而开馆子的契机则源自于曾宪植女士。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>郭培基回忆,当时曾宪植女士访英回国,就<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>想吃刘桂仙做的菜,吃饭的时候,在<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>刘桂仙家里的困难后,曾宪植并<span style="color: black;">无</span>以权谋私,而是<span style="color: black;">意见</span>刘桂仙去开一家私人餐馆,并且还说了两次。两口子觉得既然叶帅夫人都出主意让开馆子,那肯定没问题,于是两人就回家准备开私人餐馆了:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">郭培基回忆,一次,叶帅夫人曾宪植从英国<span style="color: black;">拜访</span>回国,想吃“小刘”的手艺。“吃饭的时候,叶帅夫人就和我老伴儿说,国外挂着中国餐馆招牌的馆子味道都不如她的好,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>她不如在北京开一个,肯定受欢迎。当时我俩都没敢往这方面想,直到后来叶帅夫人又催了一次,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>才<span style="color: black;">起始</span>写这个申请。”</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当时虽然<span style="color: black;">已然</span>有许多个体户了,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>申请开饭馆的,郭培基夫妇是<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个。(当时郭培基夫妇领的营业执照是“北京市个体工<span style="color: black;">商场</span>户临时营业执照”,“临字362号”;可见前面<span style="color: black;">已然</span>有361张临时营业执照发出去了。)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>当时北京东城区工商局副局长的靳云平回忆,饭馆的营业执照都是工商局工作人员手写,靳云平签了字并盖上专用章的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是北京市<span style="color: black;">第1</span>家个体餐饮业的营业执照。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/0ceaa9da09b34a60961b73755d0eec0b~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1729417220&amp;x-signature=gvIoOQaTsLalVfFluL%2B8Zmkc2Jk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">郭培基夫妇</p>
    </div>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">02、</h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">郭培基两口子拿到执照后,把家里三间平房中的一间改成饭店,搭建厨房的砖头木材郭培基从单位借,刘桂仙到黄城根买了4张旧桌子和15把椅子,找了一个烤白薯的旧桶,改装成灶。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,郭培基让妻子刘桂仙先干干看,他先不着急辞职。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1980年9月30日,悦宾饭馆提前“试营业”,当时家里就剩下34块钱,刘桂仙决定买4只鸭子,先做几道菜,让街坊邻居都试试手艺。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">只是两口子都忽略了“<span style="color: black;">第1</span>家个体餐馆”的指标性<span style="color: black;">道理</span>,别说食客,就连看热闹的人都挤满了<span style="color: black;">全部</span>胡同,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>许多外国记者<span style="color: black;">亦</span>把悦宾饭馆的营业视作了改革开放的象征。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">郭培基<span style="color: black;">始终</span>记得当时他<span style="color: black;">晌午</span>下班回家时,街坊邻居让他赶紧去馆子帮忙,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>来了好多“老外”:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">你们家饭馆都开张了,你还上什么班?赶紧的回去<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>,来了好多老外!</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">悦宾饭馆开业的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>天,两口子就凭借着4支鸭子赚了38块钱,这在当时<span style="color: black;">便是</span>郭培基<span style="color: black;">一月</span>的工资。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/06736511f0a747db8b65e508c9ea5246~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1729417220&amp;x-signature=%2F2kQLlrEZU8VGzmczBPRGCd1dJ4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">80年代悦宾饭店刚开业时,刘桂仙正在接待外国记者</p>
    </div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">悦宾饭馆当时<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>4张桌子,一天只能接待十四五个顾客,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>架不住许多人来“吃<span style="color: black;">鲜嫩</span>”,饭馆<span style="color: black;">每日</span>都排着长龙。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>悦宾饭馆这个“全国<span style="color: black;">第1</span>家个体餐厅”的指标性<span style="color: black;">道理</span>,全国各地都派记者前去采访。<span style="color: black;">根据</span>郭培基的说法,最多的时候一天能有二三十个记者。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>饭馆<span style="color: black;">地区</span>小,刘桂仙就只能让记者站在院子里,她在小厨房里炒菜,把窗户打开,记者在外头问,她一边炒菜一边回答。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">别看悦宾饭馆<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>四张桌子,当时美国大使馆还来饭馆包桌,每人10块钱的餐标。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这在当时<span style="color: black;">便是</span>了不得的餐标了,要<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>当时砂锅白菜豆腐只卖一毛九,炒肉丝五毛六,油焖大虾两块四。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">美国大使馆包桌后,饭馆就更火了。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/aadee5106b18481aa4300ff198813852~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1729417220&amp;x-signature=kWAbI0um8U7fRdpxPVcASUsCuX8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">才开业时饭馆就围满了人</p>
    </div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">只<span style="color: black;">不外</span>,饭馆虽然火了,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>城市里买粮油还要指标。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">悦宾饭馆<span style="color: black;">无</span>这个粮油指标,郭培基与刘桂仙两人在请示了<span style="color: black;">相关</span><span style="color: black;">分部</span>后,刘桂仙<span style="color: black;">每日</span>早上5点过去火车站坐火车,去河北高碑店、保定镇上的大集买东西。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">就这,还是<span style="color: black;">相关</span><span style="color: black;">分部</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>后<span style="color: black;">准许</span>的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">要是不<span style="color: black;">准许</span>,两口子去<span style="color: black;">外区</span>买了这些东西,就算是“投机倒把”。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">饭馆火了,赚了钱了,两口子不仅没开心,还担心了起来。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span>都觉得两口子“兔子尾巴长不了”,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>女儿对象家都差点<span style="color: black;">由于</span>受不了压力要退婚。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">两口子只要赚了外汇券,就赶紧上交到银行,就怕别人说<span style="color: black;">她们</span>私留外汇。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/7f13948979b04cd7aa1685aabafb4797~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1729417220&amp;x-signature=AObINraWKIla7YUsyDo43f2NeyM%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1990年代刘桂仙与服务员们</p>
    </div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">就连夫妇俩在河北老家的房子院墙<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被人挖开1米多深,说是“可能串通外国,私藏军火”。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">始终</span>到1981年大年初一,时任副总理的姚依林与陈慕华到郭培基、刘桂仙家<span style="color: black;">贺年</span>,两口子才算是彻底把心放在肚子里。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">就<span style="color: black;">这般</span>,悦宾饭馆<span style="color: black;">始终</span>经营到了<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">兰台<span style="color: black;">亦</span>去吃过,实话说,不难吃,还<span style="color: black;">保存</span>着“实惠”、“量大”的特点,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>到北京旅游的时候<span style="color: black;">能够</span>来吃一吃。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">遗憾的是,2015年刘桂仙女士去世了,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>92岁的郭培基常年住在昌平静养,馆子<span style="color: black;">亦</span>交给孙子辈搭理了。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">END</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">参考资料:</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">《郭培基:开了中国<span style="color: black;">第1</span>家个体饭店》,罗旻、《环球<span style="color: black;">名人</span>》2008年第24期;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">《中国<span style="color: black;">第1</span>家个体餐馆:开了38年 仍在用算盘算帐》,彭子洋,中国<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>网;</span></p>




7wu1wm0 发表于 2024-11-6 21:47:56

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