tw4ld6 发表于 2024-6-23 23:04:00

117种已上市抗癌药物大汇总,哪些你还不晓得?存活的曙光在招手


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">传统治疗癌症的<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>有手术切除以及放化疗,如今随着靶向药和免疫药的<span style="color: black;">面世</span>,靶向治疗和免疫治疗越来越多被应用于临床,癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>有了<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。</p>

    <h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">与传统化疗不同</h2>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>靶向治疗和免疫治疗与传统的放化疗有什么不同呢?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">靶向治疗——是在细胞分子水平上,针对<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>的致癌位点的治疗方式(该位点<span style="color: black;">能够</span>是肿瘤细胞内部的一个蛋白分子,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>是一个基因片段)。在<span style="color: black;">选取</span>靶向治疗之前,先要<span style="color: black;">经过</span>基因检测确定<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>存在靶向治疗的靶点,即基因突变。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">免疫治疗——是采用共<span style="color: black;">控制</span>分子(或配体)的单克隆抗体来阻断信号,从而活化T细胞,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>其杀伤肿瘤细胞的能力。CTLA-4和PD-1/PD-L1是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>临床上最常用的免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂,在恶性黑色素瘤和肺癌等临床治疗中<span style="color: black;">表示</span>出令人振奋的结果。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">传统<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>指细胞毒<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,它们是一种<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>杀伤性的化学物质,除了对肿瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>杀伤<span style="color: black;">功效</span>外,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>许多<span style="color: black;">一样</span>分裂旺盛的正常组织细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有毒性,如白细胞、血小板、胃肠道粘膜、毛囊等。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>化疗<span style="color: black;">常常</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。与传统的化疗相比,靶向治疗与免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>更<span style="color: black;">知道</span>、副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>更小的优点。</p>
    <h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">药品</span>汇总</h2>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>和免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span>有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>呢?下面为<span style="color: black;">大众</span>进行了汇总。</p>
    <h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">PD-1/PD-L1<span style="color: black;">药品</span></h3>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤免疫治疗是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>恢复免疫系统的抗肿瘤免疫应答能力从而实现利用免疫系统来治疗癌症的一种治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。PD-1是免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>两种机制防止<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫。<span style="color: black;">首要</span>,它促进淋巴结中抗原特异性T细胞的凋亡(程序性细胞死亡)。其次,它减少了调节性T细胞(抗炎,<span style="color: black;">控制</span>性T细胞)的细胞凋亡。下图为<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>以及适用靶点(点击放大):</p><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8," style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">肺癌靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span></h3>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">靶向药的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>使肿瘤的治疗更加<span style="color: black;">精细</span>化,而在“癌症<span style="color: black;">第1</span>杀手”肺癌的治疗中,靶向药<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>起着越来越<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>确诊的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>基因检测尤为<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>了基因突变类型<span style="color: black;">才可</span>更好地发挥靶向药的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。<span style="color: black;">平常</span>用于肺癌的靶向药及适用靶点汇总如下:</p><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8," style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">乳腺癌靶向药</h3>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺癌是全世界范围内女性最常<span style="color: black;">病患</span>的癌症,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是女性癌症死亡的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>,更有“红颜<span style="color: black;">第1</span>杀手”的<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>号。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>乳腺癌,靶向药治疗的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>靶点为HER2(人表皮生长因子受体2)。检测HER2阳性是确定靶向治疗<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>指标。<span style="color: black;">平常</span>用于乳腺癌的靶向药及适用靶点汇总如下:</p><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8," style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">消化系统靶向药</p>近年来随着分子生物学及其他<span style="color: black;">基本</span>科学的发展,为消化系肿瘤分子靶向治疗<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了广阔前景。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>临床上可<span style="color: black;">运用</span>靶向药治疗的消化系统肿瘤<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有胃癌和胃食管结合部肿瘤、胰腺癌、肝癌、肠癌等。<span style="color: black;">平常</span>用于消化系统肿瘤的靶向药及适用靶点汇总如下:<img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8," style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白血病靶向药</p>白血病是一类造血干细胞恶性克隆性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“血癌”,是国内十大高发恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁着人类的生命和健康。靶向药的<span style="color: black;">面世</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>为白血病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来了<span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>的机会,世界上<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个针对癌细胞基因突变的靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>——格列卫,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>用于治疗慢性粒细胞白血病的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。<span style="color: black;">平常</span>用于白血病的靶向药及适用靶点汇总如下:<img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8," style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8," style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">淋巴瘤及多发骨髓瘤</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">淋巴瘤是起源于淋巴造血系统的恶性肿瘤,是<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>相当异质性的一大类肿瘤,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>淋巴系统的分布特点,使得淋巴瘤几乎<span style="color: black;">能够</span>侵犯到全身任何组织和器官。<span style="color: black;">根据</span>不同的病理类型、受侵部位和范围又存在着很大的差异。传统的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>有些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>治疗效果并<span style="color: black;">不睬</span>想。随着针对各类肿瘤的靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>相继面市,淋巴瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>们有了治疗新<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。<span style="color: black;">平常</span>用于淋巴瘤的靶向药及适用靶点汇总如下:</p><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8," style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其他肿瘤靶向药</p>除了<span style="color: black;">以上</span>几种癌种外,靶向治疗还用于许多其他肿瘤,在临床上<span style="color: black;">亦</span>取得了较好的治疗效果。如黑色素瘤、甲状腺癌、前列腺癌等。<span style="color: black;">平常</span>用于其他肿瘤的靶向药及适用靶点汇总如下:<img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8," style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8," style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8," style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.《肿瘤免疫治疗的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>及展望》——中国医学前沿杂志(电子版)2017 年第 9 卷第 10 期</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.《消化系统肿瘤的分子靶向治疗 》——世界华人消化杂志. 2008-11-18; 16(32): 3666-3672</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">作者:春风健康临床<span style="color: black;">病人</span>招募咨询、海外医药信息咨询服务<span style="color: black;">公司</span>总编 - 咚懂懂咚</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>咨询和临床招募信息关注【春风健康】主页或公众号</p>




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7wu1wm0 发表于 2024-11-12 14:33:54

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