揭秘:骚扰tel背面的“外呼系统”利益链
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“真的快被烦死了,陌生<span style="color: black;">tel</span>一打进来我就掉线。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上海的吴女士近期向《中国经济周刊》记者反映,每当她<span style="color: black;">经过</span>手机参与线上会议时,总会被突如其来的骚扰<span style="color: black;">tel</span>打断,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>她不得不重新连接,这不仅耽误了会议进程,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>影响了她在同事和客户心中的专业形象。更令她不安的是,对方似乎对她的个人信息了如指掌,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>能准确说出她女儿的名字,询问她<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>需要课外教育辅导服务。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还有市民向记者投诉,经常接到类似AI语音的营销<span style="color: black;">tel</span>,有的是问需不需要口腔医疗服务,有的是推销房产,有的问询<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>需要贷款。接听时是回拨的“滴”声,听上去就像是他主动拨打的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">针对这一现象,<span style="color: black;">相关</span><span style="color: black;">分部</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>实施了相应<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。早在2018年,工信部等十三个<span style="color: black;">分部</span>就曾印发《综合整治骚扰<span style="color: black;">tel</span>专项行动<span style="color: black;">方法</span>》的<span style="color: black;">通告</span>,并联合开展为期一年半的整治骚扰<span style="color: black;">tel</span>专项行动。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>是“老生常谈”的骚扰<span style="color: black;">tel</span><span style="color: black;">为么</span>屡禁不止?《中国经济周刊》记者近期就此展开了采访调查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">记者暗访:电商平台公开售卖“外呼系统”,商家自<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“合规”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在淘宝、京东、抖音等电商平台,《中国经济周刊》记者都<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了“外呼系统”被公开售卖。一名客服告诉记者,购买软件后,主叫<span style="color: black;">tel</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>高达400~500个,而<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>用手机直接拨打,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>只能20~30个,高频次容易被封号。在该商家评论区,“好评”<span style="color: black;">持续</span>,有人晒出了<span style="color: black;">运用</span>截图<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,“今日呼叫次数254,接通次数165,接通率64.96%”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">商家在商品描述中<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,“外呼软件”适用于实体零售行业、餐饮招商行业、汽车<span style="color: black;">营销</span>行业、网络推广行业、会展招商行业,不适用于医疗保健行业、文玩古董行业、电商售后行业,<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,“无营业执照<span style="color: black;">没法</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>,需审核话术”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">记者随机联系到一家外呼系统<span style="color: black;">营销</span>商邓经理,以教培行业<span style="color: black;">营销</span>员的身份向其咨询<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。邓经理介绍,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>收费在0.1~0.2元/分钟之间,之后她向记者<span style="color: black;">详细</span>解释了“外呼系统”的几种<span style="color: black;">方法</span>以及原理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>种是<span style="color: black;">表示</span>真实手机号,客户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的手机号绑定到平台后,<span style="color: black;">表示</span>的是本机号,这与正常打<span style="color: black;">tel</span>相同。<span style="color: black;">营销</span>在拨打<span style="color: black;">tel</span>时,是<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">微X</span>小程序、APP或电脑端三种方式<span style="color: black;">选取</span>拨打<span style="color: black;">tel</span>,这种<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,运营商查不到拨打记录,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>规避运营商的封号问题,接通率较高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">第二种是外显虚拟号,打出去是软件平台的号码,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>商家的线路直接发起呼叫,这种方式只能对外打,客户打不回来,它的特点是适合批量呼叫,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">同期</span>打多个<span style="color: black;">tel</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">第三种是购买电销卡,线上寄卡,客户收到后激活认证,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>卡直接对外打<span style="color: black;">tel</span><span style="color: black;">就可</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">邓经理向记者解释道,外呼系统运作的原理<span style="color: black;">便是</span>在原来的通话线路上进行了拓展,<span style="color: black;">研发</span>出中间号线路和回拨线路来拨打<span style="color: black;">tel</span>,避开运营商和工信部对<span style="color: black;">tel</span>的侦查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“你需要<span style="color: black;">供给</span>号码绑定系统。用系统打给客户时,会先接到一个系统中间号来电,接通之后才会打到客户那边,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>比正常打<span style="color: black;">tel</span>多了一个接<span style="color: black;">tel</span>过程。客户看到的是绑定在系统上的号码,查呼叫记录只能查到系统号码,避免高频封号,电脑端手机端皆可操作。”邓经理告诉记者。“<span style="color: black;">通常</span>你自己的<span style="color: black;">tel</span>卡一天拨几十通<span style="color: black;">tel</span>可能就被封了,用<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的系统一天<span style="color: black;">能够</span>拨打400次。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有不愿具名的通信行业人士告诉《中国经济周刊》记者,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>手机号码在一天内拨打的<span style="color: black;">tel</span>数量<span style="color: black;">太多</span>,可能被系统识别为高频呼出,<span style="color: black;">从而</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>封号。然而,封号并<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>看拨打数量,还<span style="color: black;">包含</span>通话时长、话术等<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。“但为防止<span style="color: black;">关联</span>规则被规避,评判标准并不对外公开。”该业内人士透露。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在暗访中记者<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>有运营商在<span style="color: black;">营销</span>此类系统。9月10日,《中国经济周刊》记者以“企业主想<span style="color: black;">研发</span>客户满意度回访<span style="color: black;">tel</span>系统为由”致电10086(上海移动),客服回复说有类似智能呼叫中心的业务,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>需要对接客户经理申请,两个工作日给答复。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">12日,记者接到了移动客户经理<span style="color: black;">tel</span>,在<span style="color: black;">通知</span>其大致需要5个号码,每日拨打200次的频率后,客户经理反馈次日<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">通知</span>预算。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14日,客户经理发给了记者7种收费套餐,本地通话费在0.1~0.8元/分钟,号码月租费在31.5~78元,呼出号码是“311”开头的号码。对话中,这位客户经理说:“<span style="color: black;">由于</span>你们是营销为主,这种比较难申请,业务内容<span style="color: black;">亦</span>需要审核,有两个投诉记录就会关停<span style="color: black;">机构</span>所有外呼系统。”</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q4.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20241014/73d17b33eaf342158acbad708988095c.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q8.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20241014/b9d3fca60c1a4cfa911549f0c402690f.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“外呼系统”在多个电商平台被公开售卖</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">外呼推销:消费者<span style="color: black;">守护</span>的新挑战</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然多家<span style="color: black;">营销</span>商对“外呼系统”的合法性言之凿凿,然而其<span style="color: black;">实质</span>运营中可能<span style="color: black;">触及</span>的法规<span style="color: black;">危害</span>与道德争议,却是一个值得深究的灰色地带。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上海市消费者权益<span style="color: black;">守护</span>委员会副秘书长唐健盛接受《中国经济周刊》记者采访时分析道,有几个方面需要探讨,一是这种挂着“外呼软件”名义的骚扰工具合法性存疑;二是企业的骚扰式营销中对消费者个人信息<span style="color: black;">运用</span>合法性存疑。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">他<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,虽然<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>消费者都会接到推销<span style="color: black;">tel</span>,<span style="color: black;">不堪</span>其扰,但消保委收到关于这方面的投诉并不多。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“事实上没法投诉,消费者<span style="color: black;">基本</span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>该投诉谁。即便有人较真,<span style="color: black;">关联</span>企业<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会说这是假冒的,不了了之。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,消费者大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>只能礼貌地挂断<span style="color: black;">tel</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>消费者怼了几句,还可能遭到对方的谩骂。”唐健盛说,“这个问题在法律上<span style="color: black;">已然</span>很<span style="color: black;">知道</span>了。<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>消费者的<span style="color: black;">知道</span>同意,就擅自进行推销,这就侵犯了消费者的合法权益。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">据唐健盛介绍,去年“3·15”,上海市消保委曾经就运营商106号码的欺诈短信问题<span style="color: black;">表率</span>消费者向工信<span style="color: black;">分部</span>提出意见,此类短信问题<span style="color: black;">亦</span>类似“骚扰”推销<span style="color: black;">tel</span>。但时<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>日,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>未见任何回复,106垃圾欺诈短信问题仍泛滥严重。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">北京炜衡(上海)律师事务所合伙人鞠秦仪认为,骚扰<span style="color: black;">tel</span>之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>屡禁不止,除了骚扰<span style="color: black;">tel</span>的技术在<span style="color: black;">持续</span>升级,给<span style="color: black;">实质</span>操作中进行拦截带来了技术性困难外,更<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的是<span style="color: black;">关联</span>法律和监管层面的问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>,对个人信息的<span style="color: black;">守护</span>存在严重不足。<span style="color: black;">平常</span>个人<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的各类软件、平台均<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span>方式收集用户的个人信息,但<span style="color: black;">针对</span>收集来的信息严重缺乏<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>和<span style="color: black;">措施</span>,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>信息<span style="color: black;">泄密</span>的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率非常高、<span style="color: black;">途径</span>非常<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>有个别<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>团伙利用便利和漏洞,将个人信息买卖做<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>黑灰产业链,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>给追溯信息<span style="color: black;">泄密</span>的源头造<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>困难。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其次,对骚扰<span style="color: black;">tel</span>这类<span style="color: black;">行径</span>的打击力度有限。一方面,利用骚扰<span style="color: black;">tel</span>进行<span style="color: black;">商场</span>推广的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>者所<span style="color: black;">得到</span>的个人信息,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">违法</span>手段获取,<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">自动</span>进行的技术抓取、从<span style="color: black;">途径</span>购买<span style="color: black;">违法</span>数据等,无论何种方式,均违反了《中华人民共和国个人信息<span style="color: black;">守护</span>法》等<span style="color: black;">关联</span>法律法规。另一方面,未经用户同意擅自向其拨打<span style="color: black;">tel</span>进行营销,给用户生活<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">困惑</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>属于侵犯个人隐私的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但实践中对于这类违法、侵权<span style="color: black;">行径</span>的司法打击力度存在不足,并<span style="color: black;">无</span>让这类<span style="color: black;">行径</span>付出相应的代价,<span style="color: black;">无</span>产生司法震慑<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。鞠秦仪<span style="color: black;">意见</span>,<span style="color: black;">将来</span>一方面要积极敦促各类平台<span style="color: black;">创立</span>起完善的个人信息<span style="color: black;">守护</span>机制,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>个人信息<span style="color: black;">守护</span>的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>和<span style="color: black;">措施</span>;另一方面各类监管<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>要从严执法,大力打击各类<span style="color: black;">触及</span>侵犯<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>个人信息的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>,充分形成监管的合力和<span style="color: black;">有效</span>严格的治理途径。<span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>从源头上堵住骚扰<span style="color: black;">tel</span>的产生。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">工信部:已为7.1亿用户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>“防骚扰”服务653亿次</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">营销<span style="color: black;">tel</span>扰民、恶意<span style="color: black;">tel</span>骚扰等问题日益<span style="color: black;">明显</span>,严重影响人民群众正常生活。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2018年,工信部等十三个<span style="color: black;">分部</span>曾印发《综合整治骚扰<span style="color: black;">tel</span>专项行动<span style="color: black;">方法</span>》(以下简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>《<span style="color: black;">方法</span>》)的<span style="color: black;">通告</span>,并联合开展为期一年半的整治骚扰<span style="color: black;">tel</span>专项行动。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《<span style="color: black;">方法</span>》中<span style="color: black;">知道</span>规范重点行业<span style="color: black;">商场</span>营销<span style="color: black;">行径</span>——严格规范金融类<span style="color: black;">tel</span>营销<span style="color: black;">行径</span>;严格规范售房租房<span style="color: black;">tel</span>营销<span style="color: black;">行径</span>;严格规范医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>、保健食品生产经营企业的<span style="color: black;">tel</span>营销<span style="color: black;">行径</span>;规范人力资源服务、旅游等行业的<span style="color: black;">tel</span>营销<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为严控骚扰<span style="color: black;">tel</span>传播<span style="color: black;">途径</span>,《<span style="color: black;">方法</span>》<span style="color: black;">需求</span>各地电信管理<span style="color: black;">公司</span>督促<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span>电信企业、呼叫中心企业、互联网企业等,加强语音通信业务和资源管理,防范<span style="color: black;">tel</span>扰民。各<span style="color: black;">基本</span>电信企业要<span style="color: black;">根据</span>“谁接入谁负责”的原则,严格语音线路和“95”“96”“400”等码号资源的用户资质审查,规范资源<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,严禁为<span style="color: black;">违法</span>经营、超范围经营<span style="color: black;">供给</span>线路资源和业务接入。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>,各互联网企业要全面清理网上“呼死你”等骚扰软件和设备信息,切断相关软硬件推广、<span style="color: black;">营销</span>和<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">途径</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今年4月,工信部发布关于2024年<span style="color: black;">第1</span>季度电信服务质量的通告<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,“来电免打扰”防骚扰服务累计已发展用户6.6亿,依据用户意愿<span style="color: black;">供给</span>骚扰<span style="color: black;">tel</span>防护595亿次。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8月,工信部发布的关于2024年第二季度电信服务质量的通告<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,第二季度,非应邀<span style="color: black;">商场</span>电子信息用户投诉中,<span style="color: black;">触及</span>欠款催收、贷款理财推销等金融类投诉占比62.6%,<span style="color: black;">触及</span>零售推销类投诉占比6.4%,保险推销类投诉占比2.6%,教育培训类投诉占比2.1%,其他类投诉占比26.3%。工业和信息化部督促<span style="color: black;">关联</span>企业对<span style="color: black;">相关</span>线索进行了核查处置,将<span style="color: black;">触及</span>源头营销的问题线索转<span style="color: black;">关联</span>行业主管<span style="color: black;">分部</span>处理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">第二季度,工信部<span style="color: black;">安排</span>全面<span style="color: black;">提高</span>非应邀<span style="color: black;">商场</span>电子信息防骚扰服务<span style="color: black;">方便</span>性、<span style="color: black;">精细</span>性、可及性。新增上线“短信免打扰”服务,大力推广“来电免打扰”服务,累计为7.1亿用户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>防骚扰服务653亿次。<span style="color: black;">提高</span>源头共治效能,实时转办涉各行业问题线索,<span style="color: black;">揭发</span>违规营销商家38家次,推动<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">分部</span>依法处置违规源头企业27家次。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在这过程中,企业<span style="color: black;">亦</span>积极响应。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>武汉某房产<span style="color: black;">中间商</span>规定,旗下所有经纪人未经客户<span style="color: black;">准许</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>向设置“免打扰”的客户<span style="color: black;">tel</span>营销,客户可投诉,经核实,<span style="color: black;">机构</span>将赔付给客户100元。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:中国经济周刊<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛: http://www.fok120.com</span>,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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