新发掘：高水平的未知污染物
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">印第安纳大学的<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>在家庭、电子垃圾回收站和自然环境中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了高水平的未知污染物。 人们可能<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>受污染的灰尘或皮肤接触这种污染物。</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/4d9ccb8801994e2983a4eed430ed16be~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1729840842&x-signature=AercyoBtXlgC%2BpswWionr4hu2LM%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">新<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的未知污染物</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">三(2, 4-二-叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯，或被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>作TDTBPP的物质，是有机磷酸酯家族一员，而众所周知，有机磷酸酯是有毒物质。有机磷酸酯类是当今生产和<span style="color: black;">运用</span>最多的农药，品种达上百种，大多属剧毒或高毒类，对人类的毒性<span style="color: black;">害处</span><span style="color: black;">很强</span>。然而，关于TDTBPP的毒性以及它是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>进入环境中的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>尚不<span style="color: black;">知道</span>。该化学品<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>阻燃剂或增塑剂<span style="color: black;">运用</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>在其他化学物质降解时形成，它<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>可能是结构<span style="color: black;">关联</span>化合物中的杂质。</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/a089a3d4294042d6abf1f6d69e3f79a7~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1729840842&x-signature=SlZb7cqfleLLnN5JOC8b5XbSd9E%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为了<span style="color: black;">供给</span>解释这些定量结果的背景，<span style="color: black;">专家</span>还<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>了这些样品中磷酸三苯酯（TPhP）的浓度，这是一种结构<span style="color: black;">类似</span>的化合物。这种物质不仅在工业生产中用作阻燃剂<span style="color: black;">况且</span>还在指甲油中充当增塑剂<span style="color: black;">增多</span>强度和柔韧性，是一种激素干扰化学物质，<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>潜在毒性。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在所有<span style="color: black;">地区</span>都<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了浓度水平高得惊人的TDTBPP。”<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>作者，印第安纳大学公共与环境事务学院<span style="color: black;">专家</span>Marta Venier<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，“这种<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>潜在毒性的化学物质如此丰富，但以前不为人知，这是美国化学品管理效率低下的另一个例子。”</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/5e0e9fde74da4fa2bce6d25683cca4d1~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1729840842&x-signature=yGdSb7Zf5FJOfxM3y%2FarVrP9BBE%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">TDTBPP和TPHP在<span style="color: black;">区别</span>地区检测到的浓度，nd为无数据；1μg＝1,000ng，1ng＝1,000pg。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">科研</span>了加拿大安大略省电子垃圾回收站的粉尘样本。 类似于TDTBPP的化学品通常用于塑料、电线、印制电路板和电子设备的生产，使电子垃圾回收站<span style="color: black;">作为</span>寻找以前未知污染物的重要场所。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>环境空气、水和沉淀物中TDTBPP的含量，<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员还<span style="color: black;">科研</span>了安大略省20家自住别墅的灰尘，并分析了密歇根州西南部的室外样本， <span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>室内尘埃中TDTBPP的含量<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>高。</span></span></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">新污染物的有害性</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>还<span style="color: black;">无</span>针对TDTBPP的系统性毒性<span style="color: black;">评定</span>。据<span style="color: black;">报告</span>，TDTBPP在Cramer决策树<span style="color: black;">归类</span>上被归为III类物质。Cramer决策树<span style="color: black;">归类</span>是<span style="color: black;">按照</span>化合物分子结构反映的毒性<span style="color: black;">体积</span>将化合物分成3类：其中结构类Ⅲ毒性最大，结构类Ⅱ毒性居中，结构类Ⅰ毒性最小。<span style="color: black;">这里</span>决策树<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上，TDTBPP对人类的最大<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>值暴露量为90μg/人/天，<span style="color: black;">小于</span>此阈值时，TDTBPP的污染对人类无害。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>才<span style="color: black;">刚才</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>，”Venier说。 “<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>TDTBPP是<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>存在的，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是在家庭中，<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>将其标记以便进一步<span style="color: black;">科研</span>，并重点关注TDTBPP对人的影响。”</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>TDTBPP在内的<span style="color: black;">商场</span>化学品，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>新的用途，并不受美国TSCA（有毒物质监控法案）的监管审查，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>关于<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的<span style="color: black;">商场</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>信息<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>是私人的。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，环境<span style="color: black;">专家</span>很难<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>进入环境以及产生何种影响。在进行像印第安纳大学<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>的环境扫描之前，许多化学物质在环境中的存在都<span style="color: black;">没法</span>得知。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">随着科学技术的发展，相信会有越来越多的污染物浮出水面，污染物本身可能并<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">那样</span>可怕，一旦检测出来，就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>采取手段去<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>和治理，真正可怕的是<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>在环境中仍然肆无忌惮<span style="color: black;">害处</span>人类健康的污染物，有待于进一步探索和<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">引用</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.Marta Venier, William A. Stubbings, Jiehong Guo, Kevin Romanak, Linh V Nguyen, Liisa Jantunen, Lisa Melymuk, Victoria Arrandale, Miriam L. Diamond, Ronald A. Hites. Tri(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) Phosphate: A Previously Unrecognized, Abundant, Ubiquitous Pollutant in the Built and Natural Environment. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018; DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02939</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.Jiehong Guo, William A. Stubbings, Kevin Romanak, Linh V. Nguyen, Liisa Jantunen, Lisa Melymuk, Victoria Arrandale, Miriam L. Diamond, Marta Venier. Alternative Flame Retardant, 2,4,6-Tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, in an E-waste Recycling Facility and House Dust in North America. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018; 52 (6): 3599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06139</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">文/汉洁环境，<span style="color: black;">照片</span>来自网络，转载时请注明出处。</span></span></p>
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