电子游戏里存在的“道理链”,其实是在拯救孩儿
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">给<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>受益终生的人文底色</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">文 | 刘梦霏</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">游戏<span style="color: black;">科研</span>学者</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">清华大学历史系博士</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院硕士生导师</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">每到假期,“<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>沉迷游戏”就<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>无数家庭的陈年老<span style="color: black;">困难</span>;而<span style="color: black;">区别</span>家庭环境下,<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>沉迷游戏的深层<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不尽相同。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个<span style="color: black;">专题</span>被讨论这么<span style="color: black;">数年</span>,不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>真的<span style="color: black;">处理</span>了屏幕前你的<span style="color: black;">困惑</span>?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">念叨多了,这<span style="color: black;">好似</span><span style="color: black;">逐步</span>不是<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>自己本身的课题了,反而<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>家长的“心魔”,视之如洪水猛兽。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今天跟<span style="color: black;">大众</span>分享游戏<span style="color: black;">科研</span>学者、清华大学历史系博士刘梦霏老师在《人生困惑40讲》课程中的部分内容——</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">获取对游戏更开阔的认知,把“一根必须拔除的刺”,转换为跟<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span><span style="color: black;">一块</span>思辨的<span style="color: black;">专题</span>。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一<span style="color: black;">说到</span>游戏这个问题,相信<span style="color: black;">大众</span>很容易会想到杨永信,以及<span style="color: black;">哪些</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>沉迷网络游戏而被父母送去电击的<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">十年前,杨永信的临沂网瘾中心<span style="color: black;">由于</span>一部央视纪录片闻名全国。有网友形容纪录片画面里呈现出的景象,说那是一座崭新的奥斯威辛纳粹集中营。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而纪录片拍摄了八年之后,有<span style="color: black;">文案</span>披露说杨永信仍然在逍遥法外。有网友<span style="color: black;">这般</span>评论说,<span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">一样</span>是游戏,却<span style="color: black;">无</span>人电击治疗「麻将瘾」?<span style="color: black;">为何</span>麻将<span style="color: black;">便是</span>「国粹」,而电子游戏<span style="color: black;">便是</span>「鸦片」?</span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这其实点出了国人<span style="color: black;">针对</span>「游戏」、尤其是「电子游戏」的认知局限。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>今天这节课就来梳理一下:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>生活中<span style="color: black;">包括</span>了<span style="color: black;">那些</span>游戏的形式?</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">人类进入工业社会之后<span style="color: black;">为何</span>大规模地<span style="color: black;">起始</span>对游戏上瘾?</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">游戏偏差<span style="color: black;">行径</span>又到底应该怎么处理?</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q1.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240727/37a64a5080e44e22b8230f004ba2539f.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">01</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>恒常处在游戏之中</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">本来</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>游戏的动物,当然<span style="color: black;">没法</span>从游戏<span style="color: black;">其中</span>剥离开去。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个观念放在中国讲可能还是会<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>争议,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>本身文化的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>核心特点,<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>游戏的认识是持中性偏否定态度的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上,这个态度不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>是正确的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">中文里的「游戏」其实<span style="color: black;">能够</span>对应到英文里的两个单词,一个是 “play” 一个是 “game”,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>「游戏」这个概念涵盖的范围是很广的,不只是<span style="color: black;">大众</span>下<span style="color: black;">认识</span>会想到的狭义的电子游戏。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">游戏涵盖的范围到底有多广?八十年前有一个荷兰历史学家约翰·赫伊津哈写过一本书,专门聊这个问题,这本书就叫</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">《游戏的人》</span></strong><span style="color: black;">。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>粗略翻一翻这本书就会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,游戏其实是贯穿于人类文明史之中的,无论是游戏<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一种结构,还是游戏本身所激发的创造性,其实到今天还在人类生活各个重要<span style="color: black;">行业</span>发挥影响。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">简单列举一下,游戏影响了<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的语言、神话、战争、哲学、艺术、法律等等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q4.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240727/a93585bb7d2e4ad392e7657a24c4faeb.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>选几例来展开说说吧。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>“语言”,其实<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>表述都是一种富有想象力的隐喻,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>表述都是一种谜题,这就<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>表述都是字词的一种游戏。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那文学本身<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>一种游戏,作诗填词<span style="color: black;">便是</span>游戏,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它有平仄和格律的游戏规则,玩家<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在其中发挥自己的创造力──</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">游戏其实<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一种基于规则的创造力的彰显。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">再<span style="color: black;">例如</span>“战争”,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>去认识这个概念会觉得它是<span style="color: black;">触及</span>到<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人身伤亡的事情,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>去回溯更古老的战争,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>春秋战国时期的战争,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>那时的战争是非常仪式化的,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>一群贵族参与,双方作战时遵循着<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的规矩和尺度,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">而规则和仪式性本身<span style="color: black;">便是</span>游戏性。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>说仪式性<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>游戏性?<span style="color: black;">由于</span>仪式就<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着<span style="color: black;">各样</span>各样的角色分配,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>在这个<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>表演。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>它<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">包括</span>了<span style="color: black;">有些</span></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">「确定的规则」</span></strong><span style="color: black;">和<span style="color: black;">有些</span></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">「不确定的结果」</span></strong><span style="color: black;">,那这本身<span style="color: black;">便是</span>符合<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对游戏的定义的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">说到仪式性,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>来聊聊宗教仪式。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">像古希腊和印度<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的文化,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>会看到游戏的神圣性,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>会把游戏和宗教相联系,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>信仰体系本身<span style="color: black;">便是</span>基于仪式而产生的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>古希腊人<span style="color: black;">她们</span>有Olympic Games,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>今天的奥林匹克运动会,它<span style="color: black;">便是</span>基于古希腊人的信仰而产生的一种仪式,并且它是以竞争的形式表现出来的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">赫伊津哈指出,其实正是在竞争之中,游戏会达到一种最高点。它的崇高是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>:每</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">个人<span style="color: black;">皆想</span>赢,但<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人<span style="color: black;">亦</span>都需要坚守游戏的规则──这就使得游戏<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>一种道德的价值。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q4.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240727/283b4af564d34ef1af7a2b8ec826b839.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span>感兴趣<span style="color: black;">能够</span>翻一翻赫伊津哈的这本《游戏的人》。虽然它<span style="color: black;">已然</span>出版八十年了,但它的观点是跨时代的,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它提醒<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">游戏的精神,以及<span style="color: black;">创立</span>在这种精神之上的璀璨的人类文明史</span></strong><span style="color: black;">,其中<span style="color: black;">包含</span>着<span style="color: black;">各样</span>各样的崇高的人类活动。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">以上<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>介绍了最广义的、无处不在的游戏。在这个<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,我还想引入两个有意思的概念:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一个是</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">「有限游戏」</span></strong><span style="color: black;">,一个是</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">「无限游戏」</span></strong><span style="color: black;">。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有限游戏,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>那种为了赢而进行的游戏,它有<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的开头和结尾。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而无限游戏,<span style="color: black;">目的</span>是要使这个游戏无限继续下去,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>「赢」并不<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着结束,它永远不会有结束。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">引入了这两个概念之后,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>可能会对现实和游戏有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>新的认识。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">02</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">游戏的本质</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">以上<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>谈到的概念,都牵涉到一个核心问题:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">游戏的本质到底是什么?<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>到底应该怎么去认识游戏?</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">说到</span>游戏的时候,都是优先<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>游戏的娱乐属性。<span style="color: black;">这般</span>不是不对,但可能会低估游戏的<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我认为,</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">游戏<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上是一种<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的媒介</span></strong><span style="color: black;">。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>在游戏里面玩个没完,不单纯是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>游戏帮<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>发泄了某种情感和生物上的冲动,<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的是<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在游戏里面找寻找到了一种</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">「<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的回馈」</span></strong><span style="color: black;">。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在游戏里面认识到自己是谁、认识到<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>能够对自己<span style="color: black;">导致</span>什么影响、又能够对身边的世界<span style="color: black;">导致</span>什么。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这种<span style="color: black;">道理</span>方面的回馈,才是真正把<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>吸引在游戏<span style="color: black;">其中</span>的,</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>游戏是更注重精神性的一个媒介,人类玩游戏的时候,动机<span style="color: black;">亦</span>远远不是这个低级的生物层次这么简单,而是本身<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">拜托</span>在里面。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q3.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240727/b9f9953f0c4c4203adba7fb57f4c3f8b.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那说到游戏是「<span style="color: black;">道理</span>媒介」,<span style="color: black;">这儿</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就要提一个很简单的概念,<span style="color: black;">便是</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">「<span style="color: black;">道理</span>链」</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">所说</span>「<span style="color: black;">道理</span>链」,其实<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个<span style="color: black;">道理</span>建构的过程。简单<span style="color: black;">来讲</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">我的一个<span style="color: black;">行径</span>产生了影响,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>这个影响反馈回来给我<span style="color: black;">自己</span>,这个过程就构<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>一个链条。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个影响可能是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对环境的、对他人的、对社群的,等等。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>的、强韧的<span style="color: black;">道理</span>链,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就能看到自己对<span style="color: black;">全部</span>世界所<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的长远影响。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上,在工业社会里,<span style="color: black;">道理</span>链变得非常模糊,而这又<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>工业社会的核心特点决定的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">工业社会的核心特点——一是它的</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">专业化</span></strong><span style="color: black;">,二是它的</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">流水线体制</span></strong><span style="color: black;">。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">专业化<span style="color: black;">便是</span>说:在工业社会<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人各司其职,而不是一个人把所有的各方面的技能点都点满了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">全部</span>社会的大工业化生产<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>是<span style="color: black;">更易</span>的,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">更易</span>生产出平均水准以上的人才。但这就决定了<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人都很<span style="color: black;">熟练</span>自己的专业,但<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的专业可能是在一棵技能树上面一个小小的顶点。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">与此<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>又生活在一个巨大的流水线上,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人的专业必须<span style="color: black;">协同</span>在<span style="color: black;">一块</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span>让这个社会<span style="color: black;">设备</span>运转起来。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在这种专业化和流水线的大背景下,<span style="color: black;">做为</span>个人<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>做出一个<span style="color: black;">行径</span>的时候,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>很难看到自己<span style="color: black;">行径</span>的长远影响。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">但<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>其实是不习惯这种<span style="color: black;">道理</span>链太长的社会的。<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的先祖,狩猎采集人,过的完全不是<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的生活。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">狩猎采集人过的生活是:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span>住在一个规模很小的村子里,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人都认识所有人。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">人们<span style="color: black;">每日</span>出去摘果子,摘到一个就有一个;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">又<span style="color: black;">或</span>是人们<span style="color: black;">一块</span>去杀野猪,野猪倒下了<span style="color: black;">便是</span>倒下了,全村人就有肉吃,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>可能<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>开一个小party烤野猪,一边吃一边分享<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人的故事。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">所有这些都是非常<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span>的反馈,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>一环扣一环,一个<span style="color: black;">道理</span>链催生出另一个<span style="color: black;">道理</span>链,你就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>很清楚地看到自己怎么影响环境、怎么影响你的社群。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q8.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240727/13316c42455e47d8a5c4cfb1c12e308f.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">进入到工业社会之后,<span style="color: black;">道理</span>链变得漫长而模糊,你<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>是摘到一个果子就能<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>今晚吃啥、杀了一头野猪就能和乡亲们庆祝,你<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>是干了一<span style="color: black;">全部</span>月的活儿<span style="color: black;">才可</span>领一次工资。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>反馈的速度<span style="color: black;">显著</span>变慢了,它反馈回来<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>都不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>它指向<span style="color: black;">哪里</span>,这其实让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>很困惑很茫然。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的社会发展得太快了,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的生活<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>充满了陌生人和<span style="color: black;">设备</span>流水线;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">可<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在生物<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上<span style="color: black;">无</span>办法跟上这些外在的结构和机制,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>还是想过以前狩猎采集人的那种生活,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>怎么办呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">电子游戏其实为<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了一种心理上的<span style="color: black;">赔偿</span>。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我之前做过一个<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,参考了考古学家和人类学家复原出的「狩猎采集人典型的一天」,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>拿去对比了一下魔兽世界里「玩家最常进行的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>」,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>之间有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>重叠。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个典型例子,说明电子游戏在人类进入工业社会之后<span style="color: black;">快速</span>流行起来绝对不是一个偶然,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>想要在电子游戏里回到<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>最舒服的状态。<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span>上<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">道理</span>链的强韧程度是相近的,都是强反馈的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>说在<span style="color: black;">有些</span>「勇者斗恶龙」这种故事线的游戏里,你打死了恶龙,它在视觉上在音效上面<span style="color: black;">首要</span>会给你一个非常辉煌的反馈,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>可能你的经验值<span style="color: black;">上升</span>了,你<span style="color: black;">得到</span>了更好的装备,你回到村子里之后村民们都围过<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>“啊你<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的救世主呀,你使<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>免受恶龙骚扰了”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>非常典型的一种<span style="color: black;">道理</span>链搭建起来的过程。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q1.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240727/76fea0a4301e4343b27f7ae552d1461d.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>把游戏看成是一种<span style="color: black;">道理</span>媒介,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就会明白玩家在游戏里真正寻找的是什么。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">玩家在游戏里寻找的永远不是低层生物冲动的释放,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>在游戏里去找的,<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上是做一个大写的、顶天立地的人,是那种改变世界的理想。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">社会<span style="color: black;">要求</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>满足<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的冲动,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就<span style="color: black;">研发</span>别的媒介来满足,而游戏,在现<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>一种入口。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">03</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">游戏偏差<span style="color: black;">行径</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">刚才</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>梳理的是「<span style="color: black;">道理</span>链」<span style="color: black;">这般</span>一个核心概念,并且由此引出,游戏的本质其实是一种<span style="color: black;">道理</span>媒介。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在这个<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会看到一个<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>意思的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>社会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的压力太大,个体<span style="color: black;">无</span>办法适应,于是就跑到游戏里处理现实生活中处理不了的压力。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>学界有一个词来形容电子游戏的这种功能,叫做「逃避主义」,Escapism。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个<span style="color: black;">状况</span>的存在其实很容易<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>误解,让人觉得<span style="color: black;">好似</span>玩游戏的都是<span style="color: black;">有些</span>loser,都是<span style="color: black;">处理</span>不了现实世界里的问题<span style="color: black;">因此</span>才躲到游戏里面去的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但<span style="color: black;">实质</span></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">上「躲避」是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>所有人都<span style="color: black;">持有</span>的核心生物功能,</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在暂时<span style="color: black;">没法</span>处理压力的时候,躲避当然<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是一个<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>,只要最后能出来就行。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这当然<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">触及</span>到<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>说的“游戏偏差<span style="color: black;">行径</span>、成瘾”,<span style="color: black;">或</span>说“沉迷”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">假如游戏真的<span style="color: black;">已然</span>变<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>一个人生活的<span style="color: black;">所有</span>,那这确实是一个需要<span style="color: black;">处理</span>的问题,应该尽快找心理专家做<span style="color: black;">有些</span>咨询和后续的<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q7.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240727/f6ed095a1e4447b0b361e9b6417aa872.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>,这个人还是有能力<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>自己进入游戏世界的时间,不会让它侵蚀现实生活,那就不必背上一个太重的思想包袱,<span style="color: black;">不消</span>觉得是「游戏成瘾<span style="color: black;">病人</span>」。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">人类能把游戏当成<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>,恰好展示了<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>是一种多么神奇的动物——<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">持有</span>「戏假情真」的能力。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>人类<span style="color: black;">能够</span>对<span style="color: black;">各样</span>各样的东西发挥想象力,对它们付诸情感,为它们赋予价值,由此为<span style="color: black;">自己</span>创造出慰藉、为<span style="color: black;">自己</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>力量、<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>的成长。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>时候在现实世界<span style="color: black;">没法</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span>的矛盾,到游戏世界去在一个模拟的环境里面重演、反思、学习,效果<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>比在现实中<span style="color: black;">处理</span>差。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>自己思考<span style="color: black;">或</span>和<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span><span style="color: black;">一块</span>聊聊:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>愿意投入到这个游戏<span style="color: black;">其中</span>?这个游戏在<span style="color: black;">那些</span>方面吻合了你的冲动和需要?</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">暂时逃到游戏里去,想清楚“我是<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>解决现实里的哪个问题”,就<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>回到现实中来。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在这个前提之下,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不需要把「逃避」这件事看得太消极,它<span style="color: black;">能够</span>是成长的一个环节,它能发挥多大的<span style="color: black;">道理</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>取决于<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>自己。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">孩儿</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>一个“自觉的玩家”:是你在玩游戏,不是游戏在玩你。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">游戏<span style="color: black;">为何</span>能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>某些人上瘾?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">游戏会不会让人变得孤僻和反社会?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>身处游戏之中的时候到底有<span style="color: black;">无</span>自由?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这跟现实生活的自由有什么区别?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>能驾驭游戏</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">而不是被游戏摆布</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">继续收听剩下90%课程内容
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