esc0rp 发表于 2024-6-24 04:24:45

癌症晚期,怎么样降低痛苦？


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">点击「康爱助手」▲懂肿瘤 更懂您</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>觉得有所收获，欢迎将本文转发到您的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>圈，让<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>受益。</span></strong><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/eslfCy1ny3ZxFHMZwbG4TGeL3pHJ8s9evVHuaxrVrmulVlmjSibM3awTOCCibSKBBnMhiaJXDEI0ibWyuYobbonsKg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/eslfCy1ny3Z782lmVTLdI6NLCEBPheicGXcJDLI5DGic88eMib3iaxyUqeBXBHVXXCuAKwaVYApCNgVDg3hQLL088w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><strong style="color: blue;">癌肿恶变到中后期，病者常会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>顽固性剧痛，给<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来的精神上巨大的痛苦是难以承受的。</strong><span style="color: black;">因此</span>做好晚期<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的护理非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">大都是</span>因癌组织对<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织或器官的压迫及浸润<span style="color: black;">导致</span>，如神经痛、骨痛、肝包膜痛等。<span style="color: black;">通常</span>用<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗效果不<span style="color: black;">显著</span></strong>，宜采用<strong style="color: blue;">综合<span style="color: black;">办法</span></strong>。1．对<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>进行正确的分析和判断，分析<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>产生的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，<span style="color: black;">协同</span>医师采取不同的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，并应交班及记录。可给予热浴、热敷、针刺、电疗、磁疗、外用活血酒、活血<span style="color: black;">药品</span>等。<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>多在夜间加重，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>要没法<span style="color: black;">保准</span>其<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>以减轻<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。2．<span style="color: black;">针对</span><strong style="color: blue;">止痛剂</strong>的<span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">选择</span><strong style="color: blue;">非<span style="color: black;">麻木</span>剂</strong>，如阿司匹林，然后<strong style="color: blue;">由弱到强</strong>，<span style="color: black;">没</span>效时再<span style="color: black;">选择</span><span style="color: black;">麻木</span>，但只用于临时剧痛。在<span style="color: black;">初期</span>非难以<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，最好<span style="color: black;">不消</span>易成瘾性的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>，如可待因、哌替啶，以防过早成瘾及中毒。&nbsp;<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>止痛以便更好地<span style="color: black;">加强</span>晚期癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生活质量呢？</strong>1<span style="color: black;">心理疗法</span>癌症晚期护理中最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是对癌症晚期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>实施心理护理疗法。癌症晚期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>心理反应<span style="color: black;">非常</span><span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>因其年龄、性格、性别、文化程度、职业、宗教信奉等有所差别。晚期癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的心理<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>有以下几个方面，如焦急。癌症病人<span style="color: black;">常常</span>对其<span style="color: black;">行径</span>失去<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>，轻易激动，缺乏耐心，发脾气，自责或谴责他人。<span style="color: black;">处理</span>办法是要态度和蔼地耐心地与之<span style="color: black;">交流</span>，诱导癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>诉说出心理的不适、身体的痛苦，并尽力为之<span style="color: black;">处理</span>，以解除因知识缺乏<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的焦虑。<strong style="color: blue;">抑郁</strong><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是晚期癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的心理<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>，癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">心情</span>低落、悲观，并可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>食欲下降、失眠。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>要<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>在交流中找出抑郁的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>，用相宜的方式让癌症病人发泄<span style="color: black;">消极</span><span style="color: black;">心情</span>，并做好家属的工作，<strong style="color: blue;">让癌症病人感到社会和家人的积极<span style="color: black;">心情</span>，变得开朗、豁达起来。</strong><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，晚期癌症病人<span style="color: black;">亦</span>经常有<span style="color: black;">懊丧</span>、失落、孤独和依靠性心理<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>。出于对<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的担心，癌症病人在<span style="color: black;">行径</span>上不愿自理，处处依靠别人。<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上依赖是一种消极<span style="color: black;">心情</span>，不仅使癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>对<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">恢复</span>失去<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>还会降低<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫功能。应鼓励癌症病人在力所能及的前提下做<span style="color: black;">有些</span>事情，让<span style="color: black;">她们</span>在自理中恢复<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>。&nbsp;总之，心理疗法应贯穿于宁养服务过程的每一个环节。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>应<span style="color: black;">供给</span>专业知识和护理技巧以积极的态度影响癌症病人，<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span>有心理<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>的癌症病人恢复最佳的身心状态。2<span style="color: black;">松弛疗法</span> <strong style="color: blue;">松弛疗法能解除精神上的紧张</strong>，伸展骨骼肌，阻断和缓解<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，并可<span style="color: black;">诱发</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>多种生理生化反应。如机体耗氧量减少，<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>、心跳速率减慢，血压下降，肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素分泌减少等。因<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>而<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的焦急、抑郁、恐惊等精神心理<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>会逐步减轻。护理人员要<span style="color: black;">指点</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>保持一种<span style="color: black;">容易</span>自如的<span style="color: black;">心理</span>，全身放松。如<span style="color: black;">选取</span>一种恬静的体态、相宜的姿势，衣服宽松，排空二便，闭目养神，排除意念，<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>缓慢<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>或采用腹式<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，<span style="color: black;">选取</span>一组简便的数字或短语，慢慢默念，以保持一种平静和谐的气氛。如癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">爱好</span>音乐，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>播放<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">爱好</span>的音乐或戏曲唱腔，以充分调动癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>机体的调解功能，<strong style="color: blue;">提高<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>阈值和对<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的耐受性</strong><strong style="color: blue;">。</strong>3<span style="color: black;">中医按摩疗法</span> <strong style="color: blue;">按摩<span style="color: black;">能够</span>通经活络，活血止痛。</strong>如内经所述“按摩可使筋骨愉快，血脉流通，盖按其经络，则郁闭之气可通。摩其壅聚，则瘀结之肿可散<span style="color: black;">亦</span>”。按摩<span style="color: black;">能够</span>使<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的痉挛肌肉得到缓解，使<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>减轻而感到恬静。按摩<span style="color: black;">能够</span>使局部血液循环<span style="color: black;">增多</span>，带走局部积聚的代谢物质，使<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>缓解;按摩<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>刺激<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>部位，分散癌症病人的注重力，使<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>消失。穴位疗法是用手指按压<span style="color: black;">关联</span>经络的穴位，以达到类似针灸的效果。如按压手臂的心包经穴位，按压下肢的足阳明胃经穴位，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>使癌症病人精神振奋，使人体防卫免疫功能<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>，医务人员或家属<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>躯体的按摩或按压相应穴位的形式，表达对癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的关怀、支持及<span style="color: black;">陪同</span>，这种心理上的安慰对缓解癌症晚期病人的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>有很大<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。4<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">理学</span><span style="color: black;">恢复</span>疗法</span>癌症晚期病人因<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>卧床常<span style="color: black;">导致</span>腰背<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，全身不适，再加上晚期癌症病人常伴有骨转移或多脏器的转移会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>活动<span style="color: black;">不方便</span>，四肢僵硬。要<span style="color: black;">按照</span>癌症病人的<span style="color: black;">仔细</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>，<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>病人翻身，摆好卧姿或舒服的坐姿，<span style="color: black;">供给</span>较好的<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>、<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>环境和<span style="color: black;">平常</span>生活用品。<strong style="color: blue;">如柔和的灯光、垂手可得的食品、用具。</strong><span style="color: black;">指点</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>和家属安全转动技巧和<span style="color: black;">各样</span>辅助器械的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>，鼓励、支持、<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>癌症病人做些力所能及的被动功能练习或<span style="color: black;">理学</span>仪器的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。如红外线、超短波、超音波等<span style="color: black;">恢复</span>疗法。要鼓励癌症病人多参加<span style="color: black;">有些</span>有益的活动，避免躺在床上<span style="color: black;">没</span>所事事，将注重力<span style="color: black;">所有</span>集中在躯体的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>上，癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>会产生对<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的惧怕感而对<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>愈发<span style="color: black;">不可</span>忍受。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>有活动能力的癌症病人要<span style="color: black;">指点</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>做<span style="color: black;">有些</span>自己认为有<span style="color: black;">道理</span>或有<span style="color: black;">兴趣</span>的事，以分散或转移留意力，<span style="color: black;">从而</span>有效地减轻<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。再如，<strong style="color: blue;">职能<span style="color: black;">兴趣</span>疗法</strong>：做手工艺品，为亲人做针线活，为社会作些力所能及的工作；<strong style="color: blue;">娱乐疗法</strong>：打扑克，下象棋，打电子游戏，玩电动玩具；<strong style="color: blue;">音乐疗法</strong>：听<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>的音乐，看电视，唱卡拉OK；<strong style="color: blue;">转移疗法</strong>：和同事或<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>说笑话、谈幽默小品、回忆童年或过去工作中有趣的事，听<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>的相声；<strong style="color: blue;">冷热温湿疗法</strong>：对癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>局部进行冷敷，减少痛觉信息向大脑皮层传递和运动中枢向<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>区域传递信息，以达到止痛的目的。温湿热敷可用热水袋或热毛巾敷于疼处(温度四十度<span style="color: black;">上下</span>为宜)，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>可热敷二十至三<span style="color: black;">非常</span>钟，可促进局部血液循环，使<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>减轻。<span style="color: black;">理学</span>、心理疗法轻易操作，副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>小，耗费少，且容易被不同的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>和家属所接受，并且能<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗的效果。对<span style="color: black;">有些</span>轻中度<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>或精神、心理性<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，<span style="color: black;">止疼</span>效果是肯定的。适当应用这些<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>使<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>得到<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的缓解，但不可过分强调其<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>心理、<span style="color: black;">理学</span>和社会<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>缓解<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，并不是否认了<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的真正存在，应在<span style="color: black;">药品</span>止疼的前提下，辅以相应的<span style="color: black;">理学</span>、心理、按摩、松弛等疗法。护士要<span style="color: black;">按照</span>癌症病人的病情进行准确的<span style="color: black;">指点</span>，在可能的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下让癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>保持<span style="color: black;">必定</span>活动力。<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/eslfCy1ny3ZxFHMZwbG4TGeL3pHJ8s9evVHuaxrVrmulVlmjSibM3awTOCCibSKBBnMhiaJXDEI0ibWyuYobbonsKg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></strong></p>
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听听海 发表于 2024-8-28 10:41:28

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4lqedz 发表于 2024-10-25 18:56:49

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wrjc1hod 发表于 2024-10-28 16:41:40

感谢楼主的分享！我学到了很多。
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