疫苗研发有多难?全世界癌症疫苗研发历程及最新发展盘点!(2018)
别放弃治疗,速速点<span style="color: black;">蓝字</span>关注<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/CwkERAMhICyosXNAtlpk8yco4cibZPfk5N3qzEV8cnrlbjibU5StZITwllVOiclQoiaPERV8uQeLXoVPuG2zDWmjKg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/CwkERAMhICwZ9Zztebia5NfKcjbXRga8ia1DqT9IpCwfAdj4MpZsB3nAIWeWz4kwusVibZJkfVr7FTfE3g8jWuQBw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这两天沸沸扬扬的“疫苗事件”还未有结果,“疫苗<span style="color: black;">没</span>用论”又甚嚣尘上。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>,时<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>日,疫苗仍是人类在<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>产生前预防的最佳武器。回顾历史,正是依靠疫苗,人类才得以终结肆虐的天花、脊椎灰质炎等高发<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能被疫苗终结,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>的悲剧是不是<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就不会上演?事实上,<span style="color: black;">始终</span>以来<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>从未放弃过对癌症疫苗的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,随着医学的进步,个性化癌症疫苗已<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">精细</span>医疗的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>之一,被<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>生物医药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>争先<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>能够<span style="color: black;">经过</span>激活人体<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫细胞,来杀灭癌细胞!</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/AtTmw2081JgHkcRoUBNT7LOySnzQPkCzChxDNialDuqXUOg1lJ5K7j2PzLtuwxVCibCiae3ict95qeTWsW6Rs5PaqA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">到底</span>什么是癌症疫苗?</strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">几十年来,癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>免疫疗法的一种形式,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>刺激或恢复人体<span style="color: black;">自己</span>的免疫系统,来防止癌症发展或杀灭现有的肿瘤。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">HPV疫苗是最知名的癌症预防性疫苗。它能够预防人乳头瘤病毒感染。<span style="color: black;">已然</span>证实,某些HPV感染与宫颈癌,阴道癌,外阴癌,阴茎癌,肛门癌,直肠癌和头颈癌<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">至于癌症治疗性疫苗,<span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>美国食品和<span style="color: black;">药品</span>管理局<span style="color: black;">准许</span>的是Provenge(<span style="color: black;">sipuleucel-T</span>),这种疫苗<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次实现了利用<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>的免疫系统攻击癌细胞的设想。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">没</span>论是用于预防传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>还是预防和治疗癌症,疫苗都<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>类似的机制发挥<span style="color: black;">功效</span>:它们<span style="color: black;">教诲</span>免疫系统将传染性病原体或癌细胞识别为<span style="color: black;">必须</span>消除的外来物质,”--纪念斯隆卡瑟琳癌症中心的癌症免疫学家Dmitriy Zamarin 博士。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">癌细胞表面存在特殊的蛋白质,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>靶向这些蛋白质,免疫系统<span style="color: black;">能够</span>特异性地消除癌细胞,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>不<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>正常的细胞。Rossy整理了癌症疫苗的<span style="color: black;">开发</span>历程和最新的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,快来<span style="color: black;">一块</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>下。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">19世纪:“免疫治疗之父”</strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/CwkERAMhICyosXNAtlpk8yco4cibZPfk56JtWWXdjjdTBW54242k3iaKfeMeVXicn72WaSJETYMdIgjanyRiaYibNbA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">William Coley</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在19世纪90年代,被认为是“ 癌症免疫疗法之父 ” 的<span style="color: black;">William Coley博士</span>在一位晚期癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>身上<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,这位<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在感染链球菌后,肿瘤竟奇迹般的消失了,这种让肿瘤“自发性消退”的现象<span style="color: black;">到底</span>是偶然还是一种免疫反应带来的必然结果?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为了测试这一点,<span style="color: black;">Coley</span>炮制了一种细菌混合物。他用一种名为Coley的毒素在他的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>身上制造感染,以试图触发<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的免疫系统,不仅攻击<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>细菌感染,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>还攻击<span style="color: black;">显现</span>外来的其他部位,如恶性肿瘤细胞。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Coley 在1893年5月<span style="color: black;">发布</span>在美国医学科学杂志上的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中描述了这些病例。其中一名是一名35岁的意大利男子,被诊断<span style="color: black;">身患</span>颈部肉瘤。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/CwkERAMhICyosXNAtlpk8yco4cibZPfk5wXiaVfnn4MBvMPmHick2FiaKer7kOiadsK3q1gloSoFGeNsvXyCl5OHQQw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,科利<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>介绍了该男子的肿瘤是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>注射<span style="color: black;">引起</span>皮肤感染的丹毒链球菌的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科利写道,当皮肤感染出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>他的脖子上并<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>延伸到他的脸部和头部时,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的体温升至华氏105度。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">而后</span>,“颈部肿瘤在<span style="color: black;">次日</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>分解,并排出异物,排出的不是脓液,而是类似于结核腺的干燥物质,”他写道。“两周后,颈部肿瘤消失了。”</span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">20世纪20年代~30年代</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">转变观点</strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然而这种行之有效的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>却没能赢得医学界的认同。Coley<span style="color: black;">没</span>法解释Coley毒素的工作原理,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>当时乃至其后几十年的医学界<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,免疫系统都还是一个谜。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">后来放疗及化疗相继<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,Coley毒素的热度<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>减低。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/CwkERAMhICyosXNAtlpk8yco4cibZPfk5WCHX72rwFicYdXn1BfrM4Jf80sj6AlSdD4licXEK28gGqyd4Qg4KomGA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">20世纪50~70年代:</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">重新利用结核疫苗</span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Coley的女儿Helen Coley Nauts <span style="color: black;">无</span>放弃,在1953年成立了癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所,重新<span style="color: black;">起步</span>了她父亲开展的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在那段时间,癌症免疫学家Lloyd Old博士和其他<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>调查将结核病疫苗卡介苗(BCG)纳入实验性癌症治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在1959年的“自然”杂志上进行的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,Old和他的同事描述了<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>小鼠感染BCG,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>移植到小鼠<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的肉瘤肿瘤的生长。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/CwkERAMhICyosXNAtlpk8yco4cibZPfk5U6ial1X290Qll3cAC7icmy6Z1ibPnwrmPeLyIHqvLRIXOvWnBBNicoXgmw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>瞄准它的致命弱点来抗击癌症 </span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,将小鼠<span style="color: black;">移植</span>实体瘤或在注射BCG后间隔注射癌细胞。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,即使在小鼠接受卡介苗注射后67天<span style="color: black;">移植</span>肿瘤,BCG感染仍能<span style="color: black;">守护</span>小鼠免于肿瘤生长。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员在<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中写道: “卡介苗感染的动物的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">一般</span>在前7到10天内生长,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>在第二周后<span style="color: black;">起始</span>减小。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">BCG自此被<span style="color: black;">研发</span>为治疗膀胱癌的免疫疗法。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>美国癌症协会的报告,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>导管直接放入膀胱,BCG就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>激活身体的免疫系统细胞并将其吸引至膀胱。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1971年,Old被任命为癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所的医疗<span style="color: black;">专家</span>,并且在<span style="color: black;">将来</span>的几年里,他和其他<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员继续推进癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,并与其他许多<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">一块</span>进行。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">20世纪80年代~2000年:</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">聚焦抗原!</span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>疫苗,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">一般</span>会尝试刺激免疫系统,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>免疫系统靶向去攻击癌细胞。<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>在癌细胞表面<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的靶点被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为抗原。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>身体中的正常细胞有时<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会运送与癌细胞相同的抗原。当<span style="color: black;">出现</span>这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>时,免疫系统<span style="color: black;">能够</span>攻击<span style="color: black;">病人</span>自己的身体,而<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>是癌症,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>疫苗失效<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>致命。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">ODonnell-Tormey说:“癌症疫苗的历史经历了许多失败,其中许多失败<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在90年代和2000年代。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/CwkERAMhICyosXNAtlpk8yco4cibZPfk5toLTeKqscsVuiaXELpC1NJXFfYEJwlxohOWjF7GsB106kicsyBib39xzQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">ODonnell-Tormey:</span>在新型癌症<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的浪潮中,有多少人能真正的获益?</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为<span style="color: black;">认识</span>决这个问题,Old<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>癌症特异性抗原<span style="color: black;">做为</span>癌症疫苗的一部分,这是2001年在癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所和路德维格癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所之间<span style="color: black;">创立</span>的联合<span style="color: black;">科研</span>计划。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“许多人认为像疫苗<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的东西<span style="color: black;">已然</span>尝试过并且失败了,但<span style="color: black;">她们</span>从来<span style="color: black;">无</span>以正确的方式尝试过,”ODonnell-Tormey对Old说。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2010年:癌症疫苗</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">真正为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>!</strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当FDA在2010年<span style="color: black;">准许</span>Provenge(<span style="color: black;">sipuleucel-T</span>)治疗前列腺癌时,癌症疫苗才真正大放异彩!</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">五年后,古巴和美国的<span style="color: black;">专家</span>合作<span style="color: black;">研发</span>了肺癌疫苗。<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>的<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,这种治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>60岁以下的晚期肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>平均比未接种疫苗的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">长11个月</span></strong>!</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/CwkERAMhICyosXNAtlpk8yco4cibZPfk5Npv3DX1XmxbrWdOwmqXPN87MxL8pVzFpQqaw7HKZJQGs1DLzwM6ic9w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">古巴<span style="color: black;">专家</span>在本实验室中创建了肺癌疫苗</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">肺癌细胞依靠一种蛋白质生长,叫做表皮生长因子(EGF),这种蛋白质支持正常细胞生长<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是癌细胞的养料。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">疫苗激活身体免疫系统产生抗体,绑定和去除中和EGF,从而阻断癌细胞的营养供应,饿死癌细胞。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">正常的细胞<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>EGF,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>其他的促生长蛋白质来代替EGF,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>癌细胞不行,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>EGF,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>就<span style="color: black;">没</span>法繁殖和传播。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非小细胞肺癌疫苗<span style="color: black;">经过</span>刺激触发肺癌生长的血液中的蛋白质的免疫应答来抗击癌症。 诱导期后,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>每月只需注射一次。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">古巴肺癌疫苗相比传统的晚期肺癌化疗有极少副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。化疗会对身体产生<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它在杀灭癌细胞的<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>杀死正常细胞,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>脱发、呕吐,食欲<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>,疲倦等副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>CIMAvax不会杀死正常细胞,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>副作用相对较小,例如寒战或发热,用非处方药就可治疗。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">更<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>国内的晚期肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>网申请这种经济有效的治疗型疫苗!</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2016年,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>用<span style="color: black;">病人</span>自己的急性白血病细胞产生的个性化癌症疫苗可能有助于预防癌症复发。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>在科学转化医学杂志上<span style="color: black;">发布</span>了<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员在接受化疗的17名急性髓细胞性白血病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中测试了疫苗。<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>接种疫苗的耐受性良好,接受疫苗后,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">12名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>平均缓解期为4年9个月</span></strong>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>癌症疫苗本身并不<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>临床疗效,它们可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span>与处理肿瘤<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span>环境的其他<span style="color: black;">药品</span>联合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,例如<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂或其他类型的治疗,”ODonnell- Tormey。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">她<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>说:“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>到,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人的肿瘤 - 乳腺癌或结肠癌 - 都有自己的抗原,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>免疫系统识别的标记对<span style="color: black;">每一个</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>非常个性化。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/CwkERAMhICyosXNAtlpk8yco4cibZPfk5icAgPpicHT8GF8ia9slwnOLx3FP9aHT0EDqOlGFUJ8Nnfo7iaWOZBFBN0Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">癌症疫苗在<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中延长了白血病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的缓解期</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">癌症疫苗:在失败中前进!</strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尽管<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>某些癌症疫苗有效,但其他癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">实验</span>尚未取得成功。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如,Celldex Therapeutics<span style="color: black;">机构</span>在2016年宣布,去年参议员约翰麦凯恩诊断出的侵袭型成胶质细胞瘤的第三<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">实验</span>不太可能“达到统计学显着的总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期延长。“ 该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>已停止。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/CwkERAMhICyosXNAtlpk8yco4cibZPfk570NVzn5eLPptAy2PhPOQqic2Z5F2Khqkibk1JRcn6T4MlNtX31rC3SRg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">胶质母细胞瘤治疗的<span style="color: black;">将来</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">虽然<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>安全问题,但CureVac<span style="color: black;">机构</span>去年宣布,一项单独的前列腺癌候选疫苗未能在第二<span style="color: black;">周期</span>临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>率。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这些只是几个癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">科研</span>失败的例子。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然而,随着<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">持续</span>推进,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们正在将<span style="color: black;">重视</span>力转向个性化癌症疫苗,这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着疫苗可针对个体<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的特定癌症细胞突变量身定制。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">纪念斯隆卡瑟琳癌症中心的Zamarin说:“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>认识到,疫苗的最佳靶点<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>肿瘤DNA突变产生的特异性肿瘤蛋白质。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“随着DNA测序技术的进步,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">近期</span>看到了个性化癌症疫苗的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,”他说。“<span style="color: black;">将来</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>可能会看到这种策略的爆炸式增长,这种策略<span style="color: black;">亦</span>将最有效地与其他<span style="color: black;">药品</span>联合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,这些<span style="color: black;">药品</span>针对肿瘤逃避免疫系统的<span style="color: black;">各样</span>机制。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">西雅图Fred Hutchinson癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中心临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">分部</span>的助理成员Seth Pollack博士说,个性化癌症疫苗的想法几年前似乎是“完整的科幻小说”,但随着<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的发展,它似乎更有可能。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">针对</span>某些类型的肉瘤,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">始终</span>在<span style="color: black;">运用</span>疫苗进行<span style="color: black;">海量</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>,这些癌症<span style="color: black;">常常</span>会影响<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人。这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>似乎<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>前景,”他说。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“我认为<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>真正令人兴奋的一件事是<span style="color: black;">研发</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>非常高科技的疫苗,其中有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>基因工程疫苗<span style="color: black;">能够</span>以某种方式对免疫系统进行编程,<span style="color: black;">另一</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>与免疫刺激剂有直接关系的免疫细胞对疫苗起反应。”</span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2018年:<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肿瘤届轰动的</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">疫苗即将进入人体<span style="color: black;">实验</span>!</span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今年,斯坦福大学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员领导的两项独立<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>,实验疫苗可能<span style="color: black;">作为</span>治疗小鼠癌症的有效<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其中之一在上周<span style="color: black;">发布</span>在“ 科学转化医学”杂志上,<span style="color: black;">显示</span>疫苗<span style="color: black;">能够</span>消除小鼠中的癌症,即使这些癌症<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>遗传驱动的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">该<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">触及</span>数百只基因工程小鼠发展为淋巴瘤,黑色素瘤,结肠癌和乳腺癌的实验。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,在其中一项实验中,用疫苗治疗的90只小鼠中,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>三只肿瘤偶尔<span style="color: black;">出现</span>复发。<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>可点击:</span></p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><a style="color: black;">震撼肿瘤界,新型“癌症疫苗”可使小鼠癌症<span style="color: black;">所有</span>消退!已进入临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>!</a></h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/CwkERAMhICzP0zHeq7KJupHvL0u6q8wtVHliczcUdqLEHcEK29l5hbsoGspsWUL1pYQqRX066gPz8XqEwgxJvSw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">五十年前,麻疹,腮腺炎和风疹疫苗的<span style="color: black;">研发</span>挽救了许多生命。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>期待,从<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>起20年后,人类能够接种疫苗来预防癌症,战胜癌症,相信这一天离<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不远了!</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>癌症疫苗的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>信息,可登录<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>网,或致电医学部咨询(400-66-7998)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">欢迎加入<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>网抗癌新技术医患交流群<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>抗癌信息!</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/CwkERAMhICwZ9Zztebia5NfKcjbXRga8iagRS7uksDica97QwrbqCC7t2cyCFzp6CZmEibges2jdgicpuQh7qtiaQEiaQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">参考资料:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/21/health/cancer-vaccines-explainer/index.html</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/10/426/eaan4488.full</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-01-cancer-vaccine-tumors-mice.html</span></p>【延伸阅读】<span style="color: black;">1.<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">国家癌症中心权威<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>:最新中国“癌症地图”!快<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>你的所在地最流行哪种癌?</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">2.<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">USnews最新出炉|2018~2019美国最佳儿童医院排名!</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">3.<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">美国<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>第三版癌症预防报告:迄今为止最全面的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>、营养、运动<span style="color: black;">意见</span>(<span style="color: black;">包括</span>14种癌症)</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">4.</span><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率翻倍!两种新型肺癌疫苗为四期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来<span style="color: black;">存活</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>!</a></span>精选<span style="color: black;">文案</span><a style="color: black;">基因检测</a><a style="color: black;">质子治疗</a><a style="color: black;">电场治疗</a><a style="color: black;">brolico</a><a style="color: black;">私人订制益生菌</a><a style="color: black;">古巴肺癌疫苗</a><a style="color: black;">抗癌快讯</a><span style="color: black;">每日</span>传递最新抗癌<span style="color: black;">发展</span><a style="color: black;">抗癌商城</a>接受<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>最新抗癌技术治疗<a style="color: black;">抗癌之家</a>加入癌友群,并肩作战<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>为癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span></span></strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">看病</span>-快速预约,接受抗癌新技术治疗</a></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">声明:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本公众号内容仅作交流参考,不<span style="color: black;">做为</span>诊断及医疗依据,仅<span style="color: black;">按照</span>本文而做出的<span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的一切后果,由<span style="color: black;">行径</span>人<span style="color: black;">自动</span>承担责任。专业医学问题请咨询专业人士或专业医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>。</span></p>
我完全同意你的观点,说得太对了。 哈哈、笑死我了、太搞笑了吧等。 楼主节操掉了,还不快捡起来! 太棒了、厉害、为你打call、点赞、非常精彩等。 你的话语真是温暖如春,让我心生感激。 你的言辞如同繁星闪烁,点亮了我心中的夜空。
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