癌症疫苗前沿科普速递:什么是癌症疫苗，癌症疫苗有哪些？
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">「点击上方“可愈有道”，<span style="color: black;">认识</span>最新动态 」</strong></strong></strong></p>癌症疫苗是一种用于预防或治疗癌症的生物制剂。它们<span style="color: black;">经过</span>激活人体的免疫系统，使其能够识别并攻击癌细胞。癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>用途分为两大类：预防性疫苗和治疗性疫苗。<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VPj8Zayfia3RnwGriaZicRdgysHSvibGZMg4Jk5mEdzO3GnibFSSpW97iajXj0lTGYLTmnbLLslpeC3IIgAwGsI06bmw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><strong style="color: blue;">预防性癌症疫苗</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">预防性癌症疫苗旨在预防癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>，最著名的例子是针对人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的疫苗，如Gardasil和Cervarix。HPV是宫颈癌的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>，这些疫苗<span style="color: black;">经过</span>预防感染HPV来降低宫颈癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。另一个例子是针对乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的疫苗，HBV感染与肝癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">治疗性癌症疫苗</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">治疗性癌症疫苗专门用于对抗<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>的癌症，它们<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>免疫系统识别并攻击癌细胞的能力来发挥<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。在过去四十年间，这些疫苗<span style="color: black;">始终</span>是恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的核心，涵盖了从实验室到临床的多<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>。然而，它们从理论到<span style="color: black;">实质</span>应用的转化步伐相对缓慢。迄今为止，<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>两种治疗性癌症疫苗——sipuleucel-T和T-VEC——<span style="color: black;">得到</span>了美国或欧盟监管<span style="color: black;">分部</span>的<span style="color: black;">准许</span>上市。尽管存在多项<span style="color: black;">消极</span>的三期<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果，<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>的停产，但这类疫苗仍被视为战胜癌症的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>。它们<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>机制<span style="color: black;">能够</span>细分为以下不同类型：</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">1</strong><strong style="color: blue;">多肽疫苗</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">基于肽的癌症疫苗是最早<span style="color: black;">研发</span>的类型之一，它们的生产相对简便，但为了<span style="color: black;">提高</span>免疫原性，<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>搭配有效的免疫佐剂<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。这种疫苗<span style="color: black;">经过</span>利用肿瘤特异性或肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>抗原（TAA）的短氨基酸序列，激发针对癌细胞的定向免疫反应。TAA<span style="color: black;">包含</span>分化抗原、过表达抗原和突变抗原，是多种免疫治疗策略的有效靶点。与传统疗法相比，这类疫苗<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>多项优点，如高安全性、制造简便、强效的免疫反应激发能力和可调性。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，它们还能够<span style="color: black;">供给</span>个性化治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>，以适应每位<span style="color: black;">病人</span>独特的肿瘤特性。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">2</strong><strong style="color: blue;">DCs疫苗</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">树突状细胞（DC）在连接先天性与适应性免疫系统方面发挥着<span style="color: black;">重要</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是在抗原呈递和随后的T细胞激活过程中至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。在癌症免疫治疗的策略中，它们已被证实<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">道理</span>。DCs疫苗<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>负载有肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>抗原（TAA）的树突状细胞，有效地促进了针对癌细胞的强有力免疫反应。“WT1树突状细胞肿瘤疫苗就属于此类，WT1是一类发展成熟的肿瘤标志物，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>有构建WT-1这个靶点的树突状肿瘤疫苗在临床实验中，其在急性髓细胞性白血病的治疗中表现出了较强的疗效，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>还<span style="color: black;">没</span>证据支持其能够使得健康人群在肿瘤的预防中获益。”</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">3</strong><strong style="color: blue;">基因疫苗</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">DNA和mRNA疫苗是基于DNA/RNA的肿瘤疫苗的两种<span style="color: black;">重点</span>类型。它们的工作机制是将编码肿瘤抗原的遗传信息传递到宿主细胞中。这一过程<span style="color: black;">触及</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>病毒载体、脂质纳米颗粒或裸核酸等多种递送系统，以激活免疫系统对癌细胞的识别和消灭，<span style="color: black;">从而</span>产生适应性免疫反应。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>，该<span style="color: black;">行业</span>正在<span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>利用基因组测序、生物信息学和纳米技术的最新<span style="color: black;">发展</span>，以克服现有的局限，并寻求将这些有效的疫苗与其他免疫治疗手段结合，目的是更全面地根除癌症。总体而言，这些创新性<span style="color: black;">办法</span>突显了癌症疫苗设计<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的<span style="color: black;">持续</span>进步，<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>兼顾了肿瘤靶向治疗的效果和<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的安全性</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">4</strong><strong style="color: blue;">基于病毒载体的疫苗</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病毒载体肿瘤疫苗是癌症免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>中一种极具<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>的创新。这类疫苗<span style="color: black;">经过</span>利用病毒自然渗透并有效传递肿瘤抗原到宿主细胞的特性，激发针对性强且<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span>的免疫反应。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>这种策略，宿主细胞在被感染后能产生特定的肿瘤抗原或<span style="color: black;">关联</span>抗原，从而使这些抗原得以呈现给T细胞，激活对肿瘤细胞的强效免疫防御。这些疫苗的一大<span style="color: black;">优良</span>在于它们能够<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>有效的细胞和体液免疫反应。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，这些疫苗<span style="color: black;">能够</span>设计成表达多种肿瘤抗原，从而扩大其<span style="color: black;">功效</span>范围并<span style="color: black;">加强</span>免疫反应的强度</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">5</strong><strong style="color: blue;">全细胞疫苗</strong><span style="color: black;">细胞疫苗<span style="color: black;">经过</span>结合众多肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>抗原来激发有效的免疫反应，为癌症免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了一种全面的策略。这类疫苗的工作机制是利用经过辐照处理的肿瘤细胞（不论是来自<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>还是他人），使免疫系统接触到肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">所有</span>抗原谱。这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>诱导了对多种肿瘤抗原的特异性和多效性免疫反应。这种策略能够覆盖广泛的已知和未知肿瘤抗原，有效规避了肿瘤细胞可能采取的抗原丢失或降调等逃逸机制，并且免除了为每位<span style="color: black;">病人</span>单独鉴定特定抗原的需求，从而节省了<span style="color: black;">海量</span>时间。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">▲<span style="color: black;">平常</span>癌症疫苗汇总</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">联合疗法</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">结合癌症疫苗和其他治疗手段<span style="color: black;">已然</span>被认为是一种充满<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>的策略，旨在<span style="color: black;">提高</span>整体治疗效果并克服单一疗法的限制。癌症疫苗的目的是激活<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的免疫系统，使其能够识别并攻击肿瘤细胞。与其他免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>（如免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂）的结合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>可能会<span style="color: black;">加强</span>免疫反应，并能够对抗肿瘤微环境（TME）中的免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span>机制。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>几年，<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员探索了多种将癌症疫苗与其他疗法结合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>化疗、靶向治疗和放射治疗。这些联合治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>在优化癌症治疗结果方面<span style="color: black;">表示</span>出巨大<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>，并有望为<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>更有效和更个性化的治疗<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>和家属<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>癌症疫苗</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>和家属<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，<span style="color: black;">选取</span>参与癌症疫苗的治疗<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">谨慎</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>。以下是<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">重要</span>点：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">疫苗的类型与<span style="color: black;">目的</span>癌症：</strong><span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>所<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>的疫苗是预防性的还是治疗性的，以及它<span style="color: black;">重点</span>针对的癌症类型。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>咨询：与<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>深入讨论疫苗可能带来的好处和潜在<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，以判断它<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>适合<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的特定病情，并<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>最合适的肿瘤疫苗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">参与临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>：</strong><span style="color: black;">日前</span>许多类型的癌症都在进行<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的肿瘤疫苗临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。如<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>参与，应向专业的临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span>咨询，<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">实验</span>的<span style="color: black;">仔细</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>，<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>、<span style="color: black;">目的</span>、潜在<span style="color: black;">危害</span>和预期好处。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">个人健康<span style="color: black;">情况</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>：</strong>让专业医师<span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的整体健康<span style="color: black;">情况</span>，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>任何可能影响疫苗疗效的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>，如<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的年龄、病史、当前的健康<span style="color: black;">情况</span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">认识</span>成本与可行性：</strong><span style="color: black;">认识</span>疫苗治疗的经济成本和在<span style="color: black;">病人</span>所在地区的可行性，<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>批准、<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有保险覆盖、疫苗生产时间等，这些<span style="color: black;">原因</span>都可能影响<span style="color: black;">病人</span>和家属的决策。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">综合这些<span style="color: black;">原因</span>，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>和家属<span style="color: black;">能够</span>更全面地<span style="color: black;">评定</span>参与癌症疫苗治疗的可行性和适宜性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">可愈有道<span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>推动国际医学合作，为<span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>们带来健康和<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>与海外多家知名医院保持着紧密的合作关系，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>您<span style="color: black;">必须</span>咨询或寻求专业意见，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>致电<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的客服热线：400-678-6998，或扫描二维码联系<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>。</span></strong></p><span style="color: black;">参考文献</span><span style="color: black;">Harper, D. M., & DeMars, L. R. (2017). HPV vaccines - A review of the first decade. Gynecologic Oncology, 146(1), 196-204.</span><span style="color: black;">Chang, M. H. (2018). Cancer prevention by vaccination against hepatitis B. Recent Results in Cancer Research, 211, 85-100.</span><span style="color: black;">Kantoff, P. W., Higano, C. S., Shore, N. D., Berger, E. R., Small, E. J., Penson, D. F., ... & Frohlich, M. W. (2010). Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(5), 411-422.</span><span style="color: black;">Butterfield, L. H. (2015). Cancer vaccines. BMJ, 350, h988.</span><span style="color: black;">Liu, D.; Che, X.; Wang, X.; Ma, C.; Wu, G. Tumor Vaccines: Unleashing the Power of the Immune System to Fight Cancer. Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16, 1384.</span><strong style="color: blue;">END</strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">可愈有道</span></strong></span>”<span style="color: black;">能够</span>为您<span style="color: black;">供给</span>：美国看病、日本看病、欧洲看病、国际专家会诊、出国体检、质子重离子治疗等服务。<span style="color: black;">持有</span>中国、日本和美国等多国专业医疗服务团队，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>：医学咨询<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>、英语/日语医学翻译、健康管理师、医疗签证办理、<span style="color: black;">看病</span>行程安排等</span>。</span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">可愈有道</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">出国看病|国际会诊</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">出国体检|质子治疗</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">扫描二维码 <span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">客服热线：400-678-6998</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">免责声明：<span style="color: black;">机构</span>所提供的信息均<span style="color: black;">源自</span>于网络上公开<span style="color: black;">发布</span>的文献或<span style="color: black;">文案</span>，仅供用户参考<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。本<span style="color: black;">机构</span>力求为用户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>准确、客观的信息资料与数据，用户据信息作出的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>和判断，<span style="color: black;">机构</span>不承担任何经济与法律责任</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">往期<span style="color: black;">举荐</span></strong></span></p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
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