免疫疗法攻破肿瘤微环境，卵巢癌与胰腺癌有效抗体临床有望
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在众多癌症中，卵巢癌、胰腺癌的致命率非常高，因而被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为肿瘤界的“沉默杀手”。之<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>呼它们，是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它们在<span style="color: black;">初期</span>并不会表现出可感知的微症状，一旦被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>和确诊，大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>都被“宣判”为恶性肿瘤，<span style="color: black;">错失</span>最佳治疗期。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/1xEzyKk2OBSibrWicTu6BMyvbvgvo4xnBTjUNwWXlr72cLEdgaLmoZDor6cmbZTAVuDmqUWcJicS0GyFQEgbonw9Q/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-0187</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">来自休斯顿卫理公会和德克萨斯大学安德森癌症中心的癌症<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">始终</span>对这两类癌症保持<span style="color: black;">科研</span>热情，<span style="color: black;">持续</span>寻找更好更有效的晚期治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。7月22日，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>在《Clinical Cancer Research》杂志上<span style="color: black;">发布</span>了最新<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果，宣告一款新型单克隆抗体可能<span style="color: black;">作为</span>有效对抗胰腺癌和卵巢癌的免疫疗法！</span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">现存疗法并<span style="color: black;">不睬</span>想</span></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">很久</span><span style="color: black;">败兴</span>，针对新确诊卵巢癌、胰腺癌的<strong style="color: blue;">标准疗法<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是：</strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">手术和放化疗组</span><span style="color: black;">合疗法。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">例如：<span style="color: black;">针对</span><strong style="color: blue;">卵巢癌末期</strong><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，辅助化疗<span style="color: black;">一般</span>会<span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span><strong style="color: blue;">铂类<span style="color: black;">药品</span></strong>如卡铂（Paraplatin）或顺铂与<strong style="color: blue;">紫杉醇<span style="color: black;">药品</span></strong>如紫杉醇（Taxol®; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company）或多西紫杉醇（Taxotere®; Sanofi-Genzyme）来进行<span style="color: black;">选取</span>性联合治疗。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而<span style="color: black;">针对</span><strong style="color: blue;">转移性胰腺癌</strong>的护理标准，则<span style="color: black;">一般</span>有两种化疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>供<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>：<strong style="color: blue;">FOLFIRINOX</strong>（5-FU，甲酰四氢叶酸，伊立替康和奥沙利铂）或<strong style="color: blue;">吉西他滨</strong>（Gelizar®; Eli Lilly）+<strong style="color: blue;">紫杉醇蛋白结合颗粒</strong>（Abraxane®; Abraxis Biosciences / Celgene<span style="color: black;">机构</span>）进行<span style="color: black;">选取</span>性联合治疗。<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>会<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span>病情来判断用化疗的疗程和<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/1xEzyKk2OBSibrWicTu6BMyvbvgvo4xnBTSdoIBE0fnZOdsbFIXYVMfGTzZmdmKVrd6jpIAyGlGwk5TSgLqfYM4g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">贝伐单抗（学名：bevacizumab；商品名：Avastin®）<span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：Roche.com</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">很强</span>，<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>在手术前接受</span><strong style="color: blue;">“新辅助疗法” 即在手术前<span style="color: black;">必须</span>提前给予<span style="color: black;">药品</span>来缩小<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的肿瘤。</strong><span style="color: black;">就</span><span style="color: black;">卵巢癌<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，2018年经FDA<span style="color: black;">准许</span>的贝伐单抗（学名：</span><span style="color: black;">bevacizumab；</span><span style="color: black;">商品名：</span><span style="color: black;"> Avastin®）可用于在晚期卵巢癌（advanced ovarian cancer）<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>限制肿瘤进入血液循环，从而<span style="color: black;">控制</span>肿瘤生长。</span><span style="color: black;">然而，贝伐单</span><span style="color: black;">抗+化疗<span style="color: black;">常常</span>只能够起到组织肿瘤生长或让肿瘤缩小的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，但并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>延长<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生存期。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>，贝伐单抗的<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span>毒副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">恢复</span>期较短。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近年来的临床数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，这些传统疗法让<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的病死率略有下降，但降幅并不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>更<span style="color: black;">精细</span>的破解这两类致命癌症的<span style="color: black;">困难</span>，<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在<span style="color: black;">持续</span>寻找更有效的解题思路。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">新思路：MFAP5蛋白单克隆抗体</span></strong></span></strong></span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">来自休斯顿卫理公会和德克萨斯大学安德森癌症中心的科学家们在<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，<span style="color: black;">身患</span>卵巢癌和胰腺癌的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都有很高的MFAP5蛋白水平，且在传统治疗后<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率仍很低。于是，<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员便<span style="color: black;">起始</span>以MFAP5蛋白质为切入口的免疫疗法探究。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/1xEzyKk2OBSibrWicTu6BMyvbvgvo4xnBTib4vEYd646390eu3IaHDelTEpg2wrtG9SufIAw1kyAWulkjLe3ABXrg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-0187</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">她们</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>了一种鼠源单抗</strong>，以人MFAP 5重组蛋白为抗原在小鼠<span style="color: black;">身体</span>制备单克隆抗体，并对杂交瘤单克隆抗体对人和小鼠MFAP 5的特异性进行<span style="color: black;">评估</span>。接着，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>用<strong style="color: blue;">OXTET-RED 384系统</strong>测定了抗体克隆的亲和力和特异性，并进行表位定位和体外功能鉴定。<strong style="color: blue;">最后，<span style="color: black;">运用</span>卵巢肿瘤和携带胰腺肿瘤的小鼠模型来测试该单克隆抗体免疫疗法的功效。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/1xEzyKk2OBSibrWicTu6BMyvbvgvo4xnBTCSZGCFFPUicEq3gQZEF19BMRkSBR5d55cESBpwqiaxB6grn3ySVIejPg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Stephen T. Wong博士 <span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：Houston Methodist</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">来自休斯顿卫理公会癌症中心，该项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">一起</span>作者StephenT.C.Wong博士说：“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>阻断MFAP 5蛋白不仅<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>化疗疗效，<span style="color: black;">控制</span>卵巢癌和胰腺癌的生长，还能够<span style="color: black;">控制</span>这两种癌症在小鼠<span style="color: black;">身体</span>进一步的发展。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">单克隆抗体破解肿瘤微环境对肿瘤细胞的支持<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员还<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，<strong style="color: blue;">这样一种新的免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>所“攻击“的<span style="color: black;">目的</span><span style="color: black;">不仅</span>是肿瘤细胞，还有<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>在肿瘤<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的细胞。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">MFAP5蛋白被证明<span style="color: black;">能够</span>触发新血管生长，为肿瘤的“疯狂”生长<span style="color: black;">供给</span>“营养物质“，从而影响肿瘤的生长和扩散。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>用抗体阻止这种蛋白的分泌，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>靶向肿瘤微环境中的多种细胞类型，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>成纤维细胞和血管内皮细胞，从而阻止为肿瘤 “喂食”的途径，有效将肿瘤“饿”至休眠状态。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>， Wong博士<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>正在对抗MFAP5抗体进行功效和毒性测试，预计在2020年<span style="color: black;">起始</span>正式进行I期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">结语</span></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中， <span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员们<span style="color: black;">研发</span>了靶向MFAP5的单克隆抗体并证明<span style="color: black;">运用</span>该抗体<span style="color: black;">做为</span>新型癌症治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>的可行性，以期用免疫疗法的方式破获肿瘤微环境对肿瘤细胞的支持，有效地<span style="color: black;">控制</span>了卵巢癌和胰腺癌的肿瘤生长。</span></p><span style="color: black;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">End</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">参考资料：</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> Scientists develop promising drug for treating ovarian, pancreatic cancers</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> Anticancer immunotherapy by MFAP5 blockade inhibits fibrosis and enhances chemosensitivity in ovarian and pancreatic cancer</span></p>
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