最后说出了肠癌化疗的真相！这三个治疗误区越早晓得越好！
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/jTnrbGHW2icwt7Yx3vM2HQOia7yRicEgrMtgdDLCajkQcqxf3K1p8La02gap73TxN70wgZ1icrt9JMuhoiaPhGeTN4Q/640?wx_fmt=gif&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">先点个关注吧<span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ttu8K3UFhzULmL86wjwdPJq3WGAdtTCsxd8I5AvLPtqWSFoQe0IOdr3V57ibNVbS8agK0SYJ20MXlTjVf5MGBsg/640?wx_fmt=gif&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></span></strong></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">以防下次找不到哦</span></strong></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">肠癌的抗癌治疗中，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">化疗</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">的“<span style="color: black;">需求</span>”总是<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>！</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">规<span style="color: black;">按时</span>间来医院，规<span style="color: black;">按时</span>间复查，就连<span style="color: black;">药品</span>都是有输注<span style="color: black;">次序</span>的。不仅如此，化疗的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>还得忍着，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不是非常严重的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，基本上都<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">保持</span>化疗，可<span style="color: black;">不可</span>“说停就停”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>有的觅友就担心</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>被迫要推迟化疗会怎么样？</strong></span><span style="color: black;">影响抗癌疗效？缩短<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期？还是没什么大影响？</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Uia9ysy1SpiaGNRiaPvXwfIMzje9OcY2gDadKqVJOrrPJvlpLM76WpGxpQ6ulBAhe2HNM8U1qPTtOpuBJxFicJBKbg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：摄图网</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">01 </strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">化疗周期<span style="color: black;">必定</span>是21天吗？</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>，只是大部分是21天。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">化疗周期是<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>代谢时间、<span style="color: black;">药品</span>毒副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间、人体恢复时间以及肿瘤倍增时间来制订的，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>从注射化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的第1天算起，到第21天或第 28 天，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">大约3-4周为一个周期</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">但有的化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>骨髓<span style="color: black;">控制</span>，这个副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>的时间相对较晚，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">个别化疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>6周为一个周期</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">在一个周期中，不是<span style="color: black;">每日</span>都用化疗药</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">，<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是第1-2周用药，第3-4周<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>。<span style="color: black;">这般</span>间隔用药的目的是为了让身体<span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">短期</span>的<span style="color: black;">休憩</span><span style="color: black;">调节</span>，恢复或重建机体免疫功能，使各脏器功能得到充分<span style="color: black;">护理</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">一个化疗周期<span style="color: black;">包含</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下第1周<span style="color: black;">通常</span>会用于化疗给药；第2周化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的毒性反应会达到顶点，是最<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>严格监测的时间段；第3周人体<span style="color: black;">起始</span>对化疗<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">损害</span>进行修复。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>第二周复查结果没什么问题，是不是<span style="color: black;">休憩</span><span style="color: black;">1星期</span>就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>进行下一次化疗了呢？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当然不行。部分化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>如铂类、紫杉醇类<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的骨髓<span style="color: black;">控制</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>在化疗后1-3周，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>血液<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">始终</span>进行，不论是第几周<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了白细胞和血小板数量下降，都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>看作是<span style="color: black;">出现</span>骨髓<span style="color: black;">控制</span>的信号<span style="color: black;"></span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">骨髓<span style="color: black;">控制</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>2-4周时间<span style="color: black;">才可</span><span style="color: black;">逐步</span>恢复</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">，<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到<span style="color: black;">药品</span>浓度<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">逐步</span>降低，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>进行下一次治疗，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>肿瘤细胞便可能趁机反扑。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，为了<span style="color: black;">保准</span>化疗效果，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>会为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>打升白针、口服升白药，<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>食补来<span style="color: black;">增多</span>白细胞数量，为下一次化疗做准备。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">点击详情<span style="color: black;">认识</span>升白《<a style="color: black;">超全的肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>升白攻略！其中一种有效率高达90%</a>》。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">02</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">化疗<span style="color: black;">为么</span>要有间歇期？</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>多为细胞毒性<span style="color: black;">药品</span>，不仅会杀灭癌细胞，还会对正常细胞<span style="color: black;">导致</span>影响，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">长期</span>不间断<span style="color: black;">运用</span>，两个化疗周期<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>暂停一段时间。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">间歇期的长短<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>三个指标决定的：</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">药品</span>毒性基本消失、机体恢复正常功能、被杀灭的肿瘤细胞尚未得到修复。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>化疗间歇期为2-3周，在间歇期内需<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>带来的并发症，<span style="color: black;">初期</span>预防、<span style="color: black;">初期</span>治疗，以<span style="color: black;">保准</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>保持充沛的体力完成化疗疗程，化疗效果更好<span style="color: black;"></span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>化疗的效果</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在化疗过程中，正确<span style="color: black;">评估</span>治疗效果，是影响<span style="color: black;">存活</span>和预后的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>问题。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>，化疗前后<span style="color: black;">常常</span>会<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>做<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">血液<span style="color: black;">检测</span>、影像<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">，<span style="color: black;">便是</span>为了对比化疗前后肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">控制</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>还会运用肿瘤完全缓解(CR)、肿瘤部分缓解(PR)、肿瘤稳定(SD)、肿瘤<span style="color: black;">发展</span>(PD)这类的医学用语来概括</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肿瘤的体积变化</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">，总结这段时间的治疗效果。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>，<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗不<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，一味的强<span style="color: black;">护理</span>论上的肿瘤完全缓解(CR)、肿瘤部分缓解(PR)并不<span style="color: black;">实质</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">部分晚期肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>综合治疗，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>实现“带瘤<span style="color: black;">存活</span>”一段时间，并且<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>质量，<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的治疗效果和<span style="color: black;">实质</span><span style="color: black;">道理</span>，不亚于肿瘤完全缓解(CR)、肿瘤部分缓解(PR)的客观结果。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Uia9ysy1SpiaGNRiaPvXwfIMzje9OcY2gDaQZrI4tm0Cn1SpLRMOvmBkdNibu8Z7uOIbMZbzZo0CiaaUkOvib5dsYrhQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：摄图网</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">03</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">化疗时间<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>推迟？</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">任何一种化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>或是几种化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的组合，在每一个疗程中只能消灭固定比例的肿瘤细胞。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如一次化疗<span style="color: black;">能够</span>消灭50%的肿瘤细胞，肿瘤<span style="color: black;">体积</span>缩减一半，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>下一次治疗将在前一次的治疗成果上继续消灭50%的肿瘤细胞，直到化疗结束<span style="color: black;">或</span>化疗耐药。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>这个理论，有些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可能会高兴起来：<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个化疗疗程后，肿瘤细胞还剩下50%，第二个化疗疗程后，肿瘤细胞还剩下25%，第三个化疗疗程后，肿瘤细胞还剩下12.5%，再有第四个、第五个疗程，到最后，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>的免疫系统去清除最后一点肿瘤细胞就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>了吧？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">事与愿违的是，虽然肿瘤细胞在<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>下会被杀死，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肿瘤细胞本身增殖速度较快</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">，在被<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>杀死的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，还有“幸存者”在继续保持增长。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>说，每一次的化疗其实都是在和肿瘤赛跑，剿灭一次肿瘤细胞，在它们还没“缓过来”的时候<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">调节</span>状态进行下一轮攻击。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>在化疗<span style="color: black;">半途</span><span style="color: black;">休憩</span>时间过长，将会给肿瘤细胞得以喘息的机会，大大降低打赢这场仗的几率。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">若<span style="color: black;">由于</span>身体或其他<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，难以按期巩固化疗，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>寻求主治<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>，<span style="color: black;">调节</span>化疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。适当延长化疗周期<span style="color: black;">或</span>加减化疗药量，<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span><span style="color: black;">保准</span>化疗效果<span style="color: black;"></span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">化疗推迟时间参考</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">上海交通大学医学院<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>瑞金医院肿瘤科刘静<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>：<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>因为副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>或<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>的化疗延迟，<span style="color: black;">一般</span>以不超过7天为宜，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>最长的时间是2周。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">科普君要提醒觅友，</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">化疗最好还是按时按量做，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>被迫<span style="color: black;">必须</span>推迟，<span style="color: black;">详细</span>推迟时间是<span style="color: black;">必须</span>主管<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>你的病情来决断的，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>在肿瘤<span style="color: black;">发展</span>快、<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>度高时，<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>不要延长化疗周期，<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>非常<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的论断说明推迟多久会影响疗效，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>上面说的时间仅做参考。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">04 </strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>肠癌化疗药和不良反应</strong></span><span style="color: black;"></span></span></p><span style="color: black;">●</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">胃肠道反应</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;">●</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">恶心呕吐</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>：</strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">奥沙利铂（中度致吐<span style="color: black;">危害</span>）、氟尿嘧啶（低度致吐<span style="color: black;">危害</span>）</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">化疗后恶心呕吐，<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是最先<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的胃肠道不良反应，恶心的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率<span style="color: black;">通常</span>高于呕吐，胃肠道不良反应的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>胃肠液丢失或电解质<span style="color: black;">错乱</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>：</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">少食多餐，以清淡易消化食物为主，可<span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>流质、半流质，如汤、稀饭等；多<span style="color: black;">摄食</span><span style="color: black;">饱含</span>维生素A、维生素C的蔬菜和<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>，如胡萝卜、猕猴桃等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">避免洋葱、大蒜、咖啡和其他气味<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span>的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有想呕吐的冲动，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>尝试缓慢深<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>阅读、看电视或做<span style="color: black;">有些</span>其他事情来分散自己的<span style="color: black;">重视</span>力。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">腹泻、腹痛</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>：</strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">伊立替康、氟尿嘧啶</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">化疗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性腹泻是肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>化疗<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的一种<span style="color: black;">平常</span>消化道毒副反应。不仅会降低<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生活质量，还会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>水电<span style="color: black;">错乱</span>、脱水、感染，严重可致休克。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>：</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">少食多餐，<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>易消化吸收的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，如谷类或<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>等，避免含酒精、乳糖的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>以及高渗性<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，避免不洁<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>，多饮水<span style="color: black;">或</span>清淡的菜汤等，<span style="color: black;">保准</span>充足的水分和电解质供应；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">若是轻度腹泻<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>止泻药进行治疗，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>缓泻剂（乳果糖等）；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">若<span style="color: black;">状况</span>严重应<span style="color: black;">即时</span>与<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>反应<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，做进一步处理。</span></p><span style="color: black;">●</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">骨髓<span style="color: black;">控制</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;">●</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>：</strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">氟尿嘧啶、伊立替康等</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这是化疗常<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的另一个副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>自己没什么感觉，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>发展严重，就有可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>贫血、乏力、感染、<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，或<span style="color: black;">引起</span>化疗延迟<span style="color: black;">从而</span>影响疗效，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>危及生命。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>：</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">遵医嘱<span style="color: black;">定时</span>查血常规。<span style="color: black;">意见</span>前期化疗每3天复查一次血常规，每7天查一次肝肾功能生化<span style="color: black;">检测</span>；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>保暖，避免感冒，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>不要去人群密集的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>，避免感染；<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的生活中避免磕碰；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在化疗结束后的24-72小时后，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>打升白针的方式度过化疗期。</span></p><span style="color: black;">●</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">全身性反应</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;">●</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">手麻、脚麻等神经反应</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>：</strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">奥沙利铂</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">临床常用的铂类、紫杉类及长春花生物碱类等抗肿瘤药物均可诱发手麻、脚麻等症状。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>：</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>手脚的保暖，避免接触凉物，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>喝凉水、吃凉<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>等；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">进行适当的运动来促进恢复，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>瑜伽、太极拳、郭林气功等；但应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>避免过度<span style="color: black;">疲劳</span>；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">适当<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>营养神经的药，如维生素B1、维生素B12、甲钴胺（弥可保）等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">脱发</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>：</strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">伊立替康</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在化疗过程中，<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>毒副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">很强</span>，<span style="color: black;">药品</span>对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>毛发根部细胞<span style="color: black;">导致</span>损坏，<span style="color: black;">控制</span>毛<span style="color: black;">出现</span>长，会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>脱<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>象。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>：</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">爱美之心人皆有之，许多觅友担心化疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>脱发影响形象，但不必过于焦虑，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>并非所有的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>都会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>脱发，且化疗<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的脱发是可逆的，化疗结束后头发便可重新长出。尝试剪短发、戴帽子等<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，以<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>的<span style="color: black;">心理</span>对待“化疗脱发”这一“抗癌勋章”，更有利于病情恢复。</span></p><span style="color: black;">●</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">皮肤反应</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;">●</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">皮疹</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>：</strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">西妥昔单抗</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">化疗<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的皮疹<span style="color: black;">通常</span>在治疗后1-3周<span style="color: black;">显现</span>，第3-4周达到高峰。<span style="color: black;">重点</span>出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>上半身，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可分布全身，伴有瘙痒。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>：</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">温和清洁，<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>保湿，修复皮肤屏障。皮肤清洁时，<span style="color: black;">重视</span>保湿；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>温水洗澡，<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>洗澡时长；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>洁肤、护肤<span style="color: black;">制品</span>时，需<span style="color: black;">选取</span>不含香料、酒精，且pH值为中性的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">手足<span style="color: black;">综合症</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>：</strong></span><span style="color: black;"> <strong style="color: blue;">氟尿嘧啶、奥沙利铂、卡培他滨</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">手足<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>特征表现：麻木、感觉迟钝、感觉<span style="color: black;">反常</span>、麻刺感、<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛感或<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>感，<span style="color: black;">显现</span>手脚蜕皮、红肿或破溃等现象。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>会感觉</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“走起路来感觉不到自己的脚了，和踩在棉花上<span style="color: black;">同样</span>”</strong></span><span style="color: black;">、</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“双手双脚有点麻，感觉迟钝”</strong></span><span style="color: black;">、</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“指甲变色、凹凸不平，有的指甲脱落”</strong></span><span style="color: black;">等等。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>：</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">避免频繁接触水，避免接触过冷或过热的物体，尽可能将皮肤暴露在温湿度适宜的空气中；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">穿宽松、舒适的鞋袜，坐着或躺着时将手和脚放在较高的位置；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">避免皮肤受刺激，<span style="color: black;">保持</span>温水沐足后涂抹润肤霜可预防<span style="color: black;">脚步</span>皮疹的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">爱好</span>的觅友右下角点个</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">“在看”</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">，祝抗癌顺利！</span></span></p>
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