qzmjef 发表于 2024-6-25 02:56:23

国际共识:低位直肠前切除综合症的定义


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/NIjt69QUmLTOKkWgtZHOQkl3JaUKWvV16JXpcxiahsJ8uHcqibhfr4Clu0dJg4l4HRpBL40M8vPGibFVqgeB4tDrA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;">原文:</span><span style="color: black;">Keane C, Fearnhead NS, Bordeianou LG, Christensen P,Basany EE, Laurberg S, Mellgren A, Messick C, Orangio GR, Verjee A, Wing K,Bissett I; LARS International Collaborative Group.Dis Colon Rectum. 2020Mar;63(3):274-284.</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">翻译:池诏丞(吉林省肿瘤医院胃肠肿瘤外科)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">审校:李绍堂(温州医科大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>医院结直肠外科)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">背景:</span><span style="color: black;">低位前切除<span style="color: black;">综合症</span><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>直肠切除术后的肠功能<span style="color: black;">错乱</span>,并<span style="color: black;">引起</span>生活质量的下降。这种广泛的特征<span style="color: black;">没</span>法精确的估计发病率。低位前切除<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>评分是<span style="color: black;">评估</span>低位前切除<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>的一个简单<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。虽然低位前切除<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>评分有很好的临床应用价值,但它可能<span style="color: black;">没</span>法涵盖<span style="color: black;">病人</span>体验的所有<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>方面。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">目的:</span><span style="color: black;">这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的目的是针对低位前切除<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>的定义<span style="color: black;">创立</span>一个国际共识,该定义涵盖该<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>所有方面的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,并由<span style="color: black;">通知</span>所有利益<span style="color: black;">关联</span>者。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">设计:</span><span style="color: black;">这是一项采用在线Delphi调查、区域<span style="color: black;">病人</span>咨询会议和国际共识会议的国际<span style="color: black;">病人</span>参与的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">参加者:</span><span style="color: black;">来自5个地区(澳大利亚和新西兰、丹麦、西班牙、大不列颠和爱尔兰、北美洲)的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>、外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>和其他卫生专业人员,<span style="color: black;">包括</span>3种语言(英语、西班牙语和丹麦语)。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>观察指标:</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>观察指标是定义低位前切除<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>症状的优先<span style="color: black;">次序</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">结果:</span><span style="color: black;">共有325名参与者(156名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>)登记。Delphi调查的连续几轮答复率分别为86%、96%和99%。Delphi调查得出18个优先项。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>咨询和共识会议将这些优先项细化为8种症状和8种后果,这些症状和后果反映了低位前切除<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>的基本方面。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">局限性:</span><span style="color: black;">可能存在抽样偏倚,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是在<span style="color: black;">病人</span>组中广泛<span style="color: black;">运用</span>社交<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>进行招募。在最后的共识会议上外科专家组占据了主导地位。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">结论:</span><span style="color: black;">这是<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个由<span style="color: black;">海量</span>国际<span style="color: black;">病人</span>参与的低位前切除<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>的定义。所有病情<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的参与,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>了低位前切除<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>的定义<span style="color: black;">包括</span>了<span style="color: black;">病人</span>体验的所有<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>方面。新的症状和结果的产生<span style="color: black;">能够</span>使<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>更<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>地检测不<span style="color: black;">同期</span>间和不同<span style="color: black;">干涉</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>的低位前切除<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>的变化。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重要</span>词:</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">共识;低位前切除<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>;<span style="color: black;">病人</span>报告;直肠切除术</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">结直肠癌是<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>第三大<span style="color: black;">平常</span>癌症,2018年报告新增病例180万例【1】。吻合器和其他技术的引入促进了直肠癌<span style="color: black;">保存</span>括约肌手术的兴起【2】。全直肠系膜切除和放疗<span style="color: black;">明显</span>改善了肿瘤的预后【3,4】。结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率的改善<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了人们对<span style="color: black;">包含</span>肠道功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>在内的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>问题的认识【5】。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>和<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员更倾向将<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率和复发率<span style="color: black;">做为</span>治疗成功的<span style="color: black;">独一</span>衡量标准【6】。为了减少临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中报告结果的偏倚及异质性,有学者提出最小可<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>结果的核心指标集的概念【7】</span><span style="color: black;">(译者注:核心指标集是某特定病证<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的所有临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>都应<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>和报告的、最少但最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的指标集合)</span><span style="color: black;">。结直肠癌手术的核心指标集<span style="color: black;">包含</span>生活质量和功能结果,并强调了这些指标的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>性。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">低位前切除<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>(LARS)<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>直肠切除术后<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的肠道功能<span style="color: black;">错乱</span>,并<span style="color: black;">引起</span>生活质量的下降【8】。这<span style="color: black;">必定</span>义虽然实用,但它<span style="color: black;">包括</span>从大便失禁、排便急迫到排便困难等<span style="color: black;">海量</span>症状。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,报告的异质性使得<span style="color: black;">没</span>法准确判断LARS的发病率【9–11】。LARS评分是一个经过验证的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>报告结果的<span style="color: black;">测绘</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>了报告的标准化程度【12】,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>该<span style="color: black;">工具</span><span style="color: black;">测绘</span>的LARS<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率为41%(95%CI,34%–48%)【13】。</span><span style="color: black;">LARS评分<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>良好的心理<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>特性,并已在多种语言中得到验证【14–17】,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>LARS评分可能严重低估了排粪功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>的影响,可能<span style="color: black;">没</span>法准确<span style="color: black;">评定</span>个体<span style="color: black;">病人</span>生活质量的症状【18】。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">与大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>报告结果的<span style="color: black;">测绘</span><span style="color: black;">同样</span>,LARS评分最初由临床专家或<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员得出,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>咨询<span style="color: black;">病人</span>群体。参照COMET【19】和COSMIN【20】指南,所有<span style="color: black;">重点</span>利益<span style="color: black;">关联</span>者,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,应在<span style="color: black;">初期</span>积极参与任何<span style="color: black;">测绘</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>的构建,以<span style="color: black;">保证</span>生成的<span style="color: black;">工具</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>良好的目的性。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的目的是利用一个<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>稳健<span style="color: black;">办法</span>论的国际<span style="color: black;">病人</span>参与的<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,对LARS做出一个一致的定义。这是一个大项目的<span style="color: black;">第1</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>,旨在构建一个<span style="color: black;">评估</span><span style="color: black;">工具</span>,能准确识别LARS,并<span style="color: black;">评定</span>其严重程度和治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">材料和<span style="color: black;">办法</span></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科学委员会</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">由<span style="color: black;">病人</span>和临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">构成</span>科学委员会监督本项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">表率</span>来自于澳大利亚和新西兰、丹麦、北美、西班牙、大不列颠和爱尔兰,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是参与<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>地区的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>调查者。科学委员会中<span style="color: black;">包含</span>两位<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">表率</span>,直接参与本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中的各项工作,<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>概念、<span style="color: black;">办法</span>论、招募、解释和结果<span style="color: black;">描述</span>。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>由奥克兰大学人类伦理委员会<span style="color: black;">准许</span>(<span style="color: black;">准许</span>文号019179)。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">参与者</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>共纳入三组专家:<span style="color: black;">病人</span>(A组)、外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>(B组)和其他医疗专业人员(C组)。尚<span style="color: black;">无</span>一致的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来确定Delphi调查</span><span style="color: black;">(译者注:Delphi调查法,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>专家调查法,1946 年由美国兰德<span style="color: black;">机构</span>创始实行,其本质上是一种反馈匿名函询法,其大致流程是在对所要预测的问题征得专家的意见之后,进行整理、归纳、统计,再匿名反馈给各专家,再次征求意见,再集中,再反馈,直至得到一致的意见)</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">所需的样本量【21】,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>设定了最低的招募<span style="color: black;">目的</span>,以平衡意见广度和国际参与的<span style="color: black;">必须</span>与现有资源之间的平衡。</span><span style="color: black;">招募<span style="color: black;">目的</span>是120名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>(<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>地区24名)、60名外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>和60名其他医疗专业人员(<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>地区12名)。</span><span style="color: black;">区域首席调查员负责在各自的地区招募。</span><span style="color: black;">采用最大变异抽样(非概率立意抽样)来进行广泛的招募。</span><span style="color: black;">这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>结直肠癌慈善组织和同伴支持团体<span style="color: black;">经过</span>社交<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>进行宣传的。</span><span style="color: black;">参与的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>在线注册<span style="color: black;">作为</span></span>志愿者<span style="color: black;">,只招收与<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">无</span>医患关系的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">所有参与者都<span style="color: black;">必须</span>填写登记表,以获取人口统计信息,以及<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的资格标准和治疗信息。</span><span style="color: black;">填写登记表的参与者被视为已同意参与<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>签署额外的同意书。</span></span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">A</span><span style="color: black;">组</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">纳入标准:<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在12个月前接受直肠癌前切除术伴有<span style="color: black;">或</span>不伴有回肠造口;伴有回肠造口术者,造口还纳后<span style="color: black;">最少</span>6个月以上,并且辅助治疗<span style="color: black;">已然</span>完成。不符合纳入标准者的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>、正接受治疗的复发或转移的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>或有认知<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>被排除在外。不排除肠道功能不良的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>鼓励肠功能良好的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>参与。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">B</span><span style="color: black;">组</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>与<span style="color: black;">关联</span>协会协商,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>首席<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员招募的,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>大不列颠及爱尔兰结直肠学会(ACPGBI)、皇家结直肠医学会(RSM)、澳大利亚和新西兰结直肠外科学会(CSSANZ),澳大利亚和新西兰皇家外科学院(RACS)、欧洲结直肠学会(ESCP)和美国结直肠外科医师学会(ASCRS)。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">C</span><span style="color: black;">组</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其他治疗或<span style="color: black;">科研</span>LARS的专家由首席调查员确定,并邀请参加。该组<span style="color: black;">包含</span>专科护士、生物反馈专家、理疗师、胃肠科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>、对直肠癌治疗后功能结果<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>感兴趣的肿瘤学家以及对LARS管理感兴趣的盆底专家。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">潜在结果的长列表</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">对1986年至2016年间<span style="color: black;">发布</span>的直肠<span style="color: black;">保存</span>肛门括约肌手术后功能结果的文献进行系统综述,产生一份肠功能结果的综合列表,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>在初步<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中进行测试。该综述的<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">发布</span>【9】,并在Delphi调查的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>轮中<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。在<span style="color: black;">第1</span>轮调查中,邀请参与者添加新的条目。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>:在线Delphi调查</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">Delphi调查旨在<span style="color: black;">经过</span>多轮反复的问卷调查达成意见的一致性【22,23】。Delphi调查<span style="color: black;">包含</span>3轮,参与者可<span style="color: black;">运用</span>3种语言:丹麦语、英语和西班牙语。<span style="color: black;">第1</span>轮调查表发送给所有符合<span style="color: black;">前提</span>的注册参与者:<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>、医疗专业人员和外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。随后的两轮调查表仅发送给完成前一轮调查的参与者,并附有上一轮中<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>专家组<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>回答<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>问题(条目)的图形摘要(见附录a,http://links.lww.com/DCR/B127)。用SurveyMonkey 平台</span><span style="color: black;">(译者注:SurveyMonkey是一家领先的网络调查<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,成立于1999年,是美国著名的在线调查系统服务<span style="color: black;">网</span>,功能非常强大、界面友好)</span><span style="color: black;">进行调查的管理,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">表率</span>发送实时短讯以保持参与者的参与度,并强调关注<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的观点。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在每项调查中,参与者被<span style="color: black;">需求</span>在1到9分的Likert 量表</span><span style="color: black;">(Likert量表是属评分加总式量表最常用的一种,<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>美国社会心理学家Likert于1932年在原有的<span style="color: black;">总加量表</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span>上改<span style="color: black;">从而</span>成的)</span><span style="color: black;">上对定义LARS的<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>条目进行排序,从不<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>(1)到<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>(9),并附加一个<span style="color: black;">没</span>法评论的回答选项(0)(问题格式见附录a,http://links.lww.com/DCR/B127)。在每一轮中,7到9的排名是高优先级条目;4到6的排名是<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>,但<span style="color: black;">无</span>争议的修正优先级条目;1到3的排名是低优先级条目。科学委员会采用事先确定的规则来决定<span style="color: black;">那些</span>条目进入下一轮(见附录B,http://links.lww.com/DCR/B128)。在<span style="color: black;">第1</span>轮会议上,与会者应邀<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了LARS定义的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>附加条目,并对所有附加条目进行了专题分析,并将其<span style="color: black;">加入</span>第二轮(每一轮的问题见附录C,http://links.lww.com/DCR/B129)。第三轮<span style="color: black;">包含</span>在<span style="color: black;">第1</span>轮或第二轮中符合“高度优先”达成共识的条目和在第二轮中未达成共识的条目。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第二<span style="color: black;">周期</span>:<span style="color: black;">病人</span>咨询会议</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>地区均召开了一次<span style="color: black;">病人</span>咨询会议,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>名义小组技术</span><span style="color: black;">(译者注:名义小组技术,是管理决策中的一种定性分析<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">决策</span></span><span style="color: black;">过程中对群体成员的讨论或人际沟通加以</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">限制</span></span><span style="color: black;">,但群体成员是独立思考的)</span><span style="color: black;">获取关于<span style="color: black;">病人</span>意见的<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>信息【24】。编制<span style="color: black;">第1</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>结果的统一模板,讨论的中心是Delphi调查中未达成一致意见的条目。会议<span style="color: black;">准许</span>讨论<span style="color: black;">因为</span>重叠而可能被误报或<span style="color: black;">引起</span>投票分散的条目。在伦敦、巴塞罗那和奥胡斯举行面对面会议。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>地域限制,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>Zoom网络会议平台为澳大利亚、新西兰和北美<span style="color: black;">病人</span>小组举行了2小时的<span style="color: black;">tel</span>会议。在线会议均进行全程录像和转录。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第三<span style="color: black;">周期</span>:共识会议</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">完成3轮Delphi调查的参与者被邀请参加在法国尼斯举行的国际多学科共识会议(2018年ESCP年会)。所有<span style="color: black;">病人</span>咨询会议的反馈在提交后进行讨论,以达成<span style="color: black;">最后</span>共识。投票决定在Delphi调查中符合“高度优先”的共识条目<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>可用于定义,并确定<span style="color: black;">关联</span>条目<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>合并。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">数据分析</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">采用百分比和中位数(范围)进行描述性统计分析。用χ2检验进行<span style="color: black;">归类</span>数据之间的比较。<span style="color: black;">运用</span>非参数Spearman rho(ρ)检验<span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>性。<span style="color: black;">运用</span>Macintosh 24.0版本的IBM SPSS Statistics和Mac OS X专用GraphPad Prism v.7(GraphPad Software,La Jolla,CA)软件进行统计分析。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">结果</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">每一个</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>和参与者人数详见图1。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/NIjt69QUmLTOKkWgtZHOQkl3JaUKWvV1icXnMvj9Yiac8oxU3DyKDLfc1kvTz6aiaGdJSckedWTD4NJicvEdTM23pQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图1.<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">参与者</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">325名参与者注册:<span style="color: black;">包含</span>156名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,96名结直肠外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>,73名医疗专业人员,其中55名来自澳大利亚和新西兰,53名来自丹麦,44名来自西班牙,93名来自大不列颠及爱尔兰,80名来自北美。<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>专家小组登记的与会者详情见表1。完成每一轮Delphi调查的参与者被邀请参加下一轮调查,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>答复率分母是上一轮的参与者人数。第1轮答复率为86%(278/325),第2轮为96%(268/278),第3轮为99%(265/268)。各地区和专家组的答复率如图2所示。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">表1 参与者特征</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/NIjt69QUmLTOKkWgtZHOQkl3JaUKWvV1qmgqGqmfRYnPaMGW9NPpZG7FxgF9l2EiaDHYgoHcP0Z9pKLC2MJYBiaw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/NIjt69QUmLTOKkWgtZHOQkl3JaUKWvV1o6wVTAicjfBV4QD2zU0TIP8Xhr1VwGajJgibaA5bBj708TzH11dBBCVw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图2.每组的答复率。第1轮(左侧,蓝色条)到第3轮(右侧,绿色条)。答复率以高于<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>栏的百分比给出(答复率计算的分母是完成上一轮的参与者数量)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">Delphi</span><span style="color: black;">调查</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>轮共有37个条目。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>小组对排名的<span style="color: black;">歧义</span>最大,但与总体组的排名<span style="color: black;">类似</span>。在所有3个小组中,有8个条目被大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人(67%)列为“高优先级”(9分中有7-9分),另有5个条目被大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>(67%)列为“高优先级”,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>这些条目直接进入第3轮。</span><span style="color: black;">失禁(任何形式):固体,液体粪便或气体的意外排出</span><span style="color: black;">这一条目因与其它条目重复被去除(此条目的回答与固体粪便失禁(ρ= 0.84)和液体大便失禁(ρ= 0.88)的回答高度<span style="color: black;">类似</span>)。合并两个符合高优先级标准的条目,以减少<span style="color: black;">关联</span>条目之间的表决权分散(ρ=0.59):</span><span style="color: black;">大便频率:每24小时排便次数和每24小时大便次数&gt;4次</span><span style="color: black;">。<span style="color: black;">第1</span>轮中<span style="color: black;">无</span>任何条目符合“低优先权”的共识标准。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,第二轮中的所有其他条目都列为供进一步审议的条目(见附录C和D,http://links.lww.com/DCR/B129和http://links.lww.com/DCR/B130)。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第2轮调查<span style="color: black;">包含</span>第1轮中24个未达成共识的条目,以及第1轮中<span style="color: black;">病人</span>和临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>提出的15个新条目。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>小组的排名仍有<span style="color: black;">很强</span><span style="color: black;">歧义</span>。<span style="color: black;">指点</span>小组中的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">表率</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>某些条目<span style="color: black;">因为</span>措辞问题和投票分散而排名较低。<span style="color: black;">指点</span>小组认为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>比临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>更不可能放弃<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>症状,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>将“大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>”的标准从67%降低到55%,以<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>条目在最后一轮投票前不会遗漏。有18个条目进入第3轮,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>55%的标准,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>小<span style="color: black;">构成</span>员将部分条目列为高优先级,而不到33%的条目被列为低优先级。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第3轮调查<span style="color: black;">包含</span>29个条目:<span style="color: black;">包含</span>第1轮的11个条目和第2轮的18个条目。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>调查反馈和患者<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>,重新编写了两个条目:</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">调节</span>肠功能</span><span style="color: black;">被重新改写为:</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>应对策略来管理肠功能</span><span style="color: black;">;</span><span style="color: black;">对性功能的影响</span><span style="color: black;">被重新改写为:</span><span style="color: black;">对性<span style="color: black;">行径</span>和性生活的影响</span><span style="color: black;">。第3轮中存在一个<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的临界点,高于该临界点,给予高优先级排名的参与者比例急剧<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,并且给予低优先级或中等优先级排名的参与者比例急剧下降。该临界点(大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>界定为70%)是<span style="color: black;">评定</span>所有条目纳入第3轮的标准。附录E(http://links.lww.com/DCR/B131)<span style="color: black;">表示</span>了所有的专家组和条目总体排名<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">18项达成共识的条目如下:间断性密集排便、排便不尽、排空困难、便频、遗粪、大便失禁、大便急迫、<span style="color: black;">没</span>法控便、肠功能易变/不可预测、对肠功能不满意、过于关注肠功能、厕所依赖、<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>应对策略来管理肠功能、对控便恐惧和/或焦虑、对生活质量的影响、对整体健康的影响、对生活方式/<span style="color: black;">平常</span>活动的影响以及对社交活动的影响。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>咨询会议</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">共有42名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>参加5次会议,护理人员<span style="color: black;">亦</span>参加会议并做出了贡献。<span style="color: black;">大众</span>一致认为缺少一个<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>条目:</span><span style="color: black;">肠功能变化对心理健康的影响</span><span style="color: black;">。尽管对里急后重有不同的解释,但与排便或排便冲动<span style="color: black;">相关</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>仍然很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。<span style="color: black;">大众</span>一致认为,</span><span style="color: black;">对性<span style="color: black;">行径</span>和性生活的影响以及对<span style="color: black;">平常</span>工作能力的影响</span><span style="color: black;">非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>,但<span style="color: black;">必须</span>重新<span style="color: black;">调节</span>。<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>扩大对</span><span style="color: black;">执行<span style="color: black;">平常</span>工作的能力的影响</span><span style="color: black;">,应<span style="color: black;">包含</span>家庭,社区和其他组织中的角色,而<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>是有偿就业。<span style="color: black;">大众</span>一致认为,LARS对性<span style="color: black;">行径</span>的影响<span style="color: black;">不仅</span><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>性功能的变化,应<span style="color: black;">包含</span>更广泛的对亲密关系的影响。粪便稠度的变化<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的,虽然腹泻大<span style="color: black;">大都是</span>不可避免的,但本身并不是问题,而</span><span style="color: black;">排便和糊状粪便稠度的不可预测性</span><span style="color: black;">影响<span style="color: black;">很强</span>。<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">广泛</span>认为,某些条目<span style="color: black;">能够</span>合并,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它们表达的含义相近。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">最后</span>共识会议</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">35名Delphi调查参与者参加了面对面共识会议(图3)。讨论的内容<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>达成共识但有可能合并的条目、<span style="color: black;">病人</span>提出的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>条目以及前期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>参与讨论的条目。会议<span style="color: black;">起始</span>时,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>由区域首席<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员分别对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>咨询会议进行总结;<span style="color: black;">而后</span>,对<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>条目进行分组讨论,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>邀请<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">表率</span>参加讨论,<span style="color: black;">发布</span>意见。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/NIjt69QUmLTOKkWgtZHOQkl3JaUKWvV14csEY3wHoVGMia2icSjgicg4CjKVSNZZ02QItz3RBgTv1a9Cic93vPUAtg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图3参加<span style="color: black;">最后</span>共识会议的小组和地区</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">共识会议中<span style="color: black;">知道</span>症状应与LARS的影响或后果区<span style="color: black;">掰开</span>来。图4描述了<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>的结果(详见附录F,http://links.lww.com/DCR/B132)。8种症状</span><span style="color: black;">(肠功能易变/不可预测、间断性排便、排便频率<span style="color: black;">增多</span>、反复排便<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、排空困难、排便急迫、大便失禁、遗粪)</span><span style="color: black;">和8种后果</span><span style="color: black;">(厕所依赖、过于关注肠功能、对肠功能不满意、<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>应对策略来管理肠功能、影响心理和<span style="color: black;">心情</span>健康、影响社交和<span style="color: black;">平常</span>活动、影响亲密关系、影响角色、承诺和责任)</span><span style="color: black;">被认为是LARS定义最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的优先条目(图5)。LARS的定义的先决<span style="color: black;">前提</span>是<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span>进行了前切除手术(<span style="color: black;">保存</span>括约肌的直肠切除术),<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">最少</span>有一种症状且<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">最少</span>一种后果。会议<span style="color: black;">意见</span>将排便频率<span style="color: black;">增多</span>与术前排便频率进行比较。反复排便<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>应<span style="color: black;">包含</span>排便前<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>,排便<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>和/或排便后<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。排空困难<span style="color: black;">包含</span>因任何<span style="color: black;">原由</span>难以排空肠道,感觉肠道在排便后未完全排空,并且<span style="color: black;">必须</span>多次返回厕<span style="color: black;">因此</span>排空肠道。大便失禁定义为<span style="color: black;">海量</span>粪便物质的意外排出。排便急迫是<span style="color: black;">必须</span>冲到厕所排便和/或<span style="color: black;">没</span>法控便。遗粪<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>少量肠内容物不自主地排出,污染衣服或卫生用品。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/NIjt69QUmLTOKkWgtZHOQkl3JaUKWvV1SjeRoyibVAUdK4qkUgawiarVVicsnc2cquUf1TibKHWUuiaC6k2s8yC5eSQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图4.<span style="color: black;">科研</span>各<span style="color: black;">周期</span>优先事项的确定</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/NIjt69QUmLTOKkWgtZHOQkl3JaUKWvV1RnqV6UZlCXRbNLEIiater24Yfq9Laichu5Fzdw7qDFVBdIHKBHzPz1jA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图5.低位前切除<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>的共识定义。定义的先决<span style="color: black;">前提</span>是<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span>进行了前切除手术(<span style="color: black;">保存</span>肛门括约肌的直肠切除术),<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">最少</span>有一种症状且<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">最少</span>一种后果</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">讨论</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本项国际<span style="color: black;">病人</span>参加的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>稳健的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>学<span style="color: black;">经过</span>3个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>来达成LARS的共识定义。这是<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次<span style="color: black;">运用</span>该<span style="color: black;">办法</span>尝试定义LARS,该定义从概念上纳入了多个利益<span style="color: black;">关联</span>者并优先<span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>观点。该共识定义的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>是症状和后果都很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>确定了8种症状和8种后果,这些后果在定义LARS时被认为是最高优先级。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">低位前切除<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>以前被实用的定义为“直肠切除后肠功能<span style="color: black;">错乱</span>,并<span style="color: black;">引起</span>生活质量下降”【8】。这个广义的定义<span style="color: black;">没</span>法精确<span style="color: black;">评定</span>LARS。LARS评分是为了克服功能结果的不一致性,从而被设计成一个快捷的临床<span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">工具</span>,用于筛选<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的LARS【12】。LARS评分被广泛采用,但似乎对排空功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>不<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>,可能高估了对某些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>生活质量的影响【18】。LARS评分的权重使得LARS分数对某些维度的变化(例如急迫程度)不<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>,可能<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着其他维度上更细微的改进<span style="color: black;">无</span>记录在案。在普通人群中LARS的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很高。将LARS评分应用于丹麦人群时,年龄在50至79岁之间的19%的女性和10%的男性<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了符合LARS评分标准的症状【25】。这反映了LARS评分的高<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性和低特异性。在纪念斯隆·凯特林癌症中心<span style="color: black;">研发</span>的更全面的肠功能仪(BFI)<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被设计用于<span style="color: black;">测绘</span><span style="color: black;">保存</span>肛门括约肌手术后的肠功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>,但在文献中<span style="color: black;">无</span>得到广泛引用。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>与以往<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>LARS的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>学差异在于<span style="color: black;">病人</span>参与的方式,本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中<span style="color: black;">病人</span>不仅是参与者,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者。在<span style="color: black;">全部</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>过程中采取了积极的方式<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,以<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的观点得到认可和放大。这一<span style="color: black;">重要</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>可能有助于更有效的定义,准确地<span style="color: black;">捉捕</span>真实的临床感受。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>社交<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>的宣传,让更广泛的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>组织参与,并让积极参与同伴支持小组的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>参与进来,可以更广泛地传播LARS的定义</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果与既往的LARS评分和BFI之间的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>区别在于,本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的结果是一个定义,而不是一个评分系统。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,仍有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>交叉的问题值得评论。LARS评分和BFI均询问大便次数、便失禁、排便急迫及间断性密集排便的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,这与本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的定义一致。BFI还调查腹泻或稀便、遗粪、排空困难(不完全排空)以及<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>因肠功能而改变活动的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,这些都是<span style="color: black;">这次</span>工作中达成共识的概念。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,LARS评分和BFI还<span style="color: black;">包含</span>排气失禁,这一症状并<span style="color: black;">无</span>达成共识纳入<span style="color: black;">这次</span>的定义。BFI还询问<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>存在<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>限制,并区分了日间和夜间症状,这在<span style="color: black;">这次</span>共识中没能达成一致。LARS评分<span style="color: black;">经过</span>肠功能对生活质量影响的统计<span style="color: black;">相关</span>对反应类别进行加权,从而将生活质量纳入其中,而BFI只<span style="color: black;">包括</span>一个因肠功能而改变活动的问题。<span style="color: black;">这次</span>共识认为,LARS的影响是非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的<span style="color: black;">构成</span>部分,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>有必要<span style="color: black;">详细</span>说明LARS可能影响的各个方面。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了多个新的条目,这可能与<span style="color: black;">初期</span>,并一致地纳入了<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的观点<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是,肠功能可变或不可预测以及粪便稠度改变的概念可能与<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的体验更为一致。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>认为,腹泻并不是一个问题,而不可预测的排便和糊状稀便影响更大。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>首次提出将症状和后果区别开,但<span style="color: black;">必须</span>进一步的工作来将<span style="color: black;">这次</span>提出的定义转化为评分系统。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>认为,<span style="color: black;">包括</span>特定的以<span style="color: black;">病人</span>为中心的结果有助于<span style="color: black;">研发</span>一个完善的<span style="color: black;">工具</span>,并随着时间和治疗的变化,使该<span style="color: black;">工具</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>更大的辨识能力。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">LARS评分是一个简单的临床<span style="color: black;">评定</span>LARS的<span style="color: black;">工具</span>,虽然它是基于稳健的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>学<span style="color: black;">研发</span>的,但并不是基于公认的LARS定义产生的。这<span style="color: black;">引起</span>了LARS评分<span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">评估</span>排空功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>【18】。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>采用一系列的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>学,<span style="color: black;">创立</span>一个更稳健的评分系统。<span style="color: black;">第1</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>是基于LARS广泛商定的优先级的共识定义,第二<span style="color: black;">周期</span>是将这些优先条目转化为带权重的问题,最后将在横向和纵向验证<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中重新<span style="color: black;">评定</span>。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>并<span style="color: black;">无</span>试图在本文中提出一个新的“LARS评分”,而这仅仅是初步<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的结果。在转换成评分<span style="color: black;">工具</span>之前,<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>提出的优先条目<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>为更广泛的组织所接受。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>是<span style="color: black;">创立</span>一个与<span style="color: black;">病人</span>体验相一致的定义,以便能够在常规临床实践中更好地认识LARS。容易识别的视觉辅助<span style="color: black;">工具</span>可能会<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>和临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>对LARS的认识,并有望使<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>针对其症状的专业<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不期望本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>能直接改善LARS的<span style="color: black;">评定</span>,或直接改善随着时间推移或治疗后LARS的<span style="color: black;">评定</span>,但<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>将在确定的优先条目的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,为实现这些<span style="color: black;">目的</span>进一步开展后续工作。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">结论</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这是<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次在稳健的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>学<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,在多个利益<span style="color: black;">关联</span>者,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是<span style="color: black;">病人</span>参与的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,尝试定义LARS。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>这种新的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>确定症状和后果都是LARS的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>优先项。在这一<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,将这些<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的优先项转化为一种新的<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>LARS的<span style="color: black;">工具</span>,可能有助于更好地识别有肠功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>的直肠癌幸存者,更准确地<span style="color: black;">评定</span>其严重程度,并有助于对LARS的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>进行更精确的<span style="color: black;">评定</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">参考文献(可滑动浏览)</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1. World Health Organisation. Cancer: Key Facts. 2019. Cited August 27,2019. Available at https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer</span></p>
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    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3. Heald RJ, Ryall RD. Recurrence and survival after total mesorectalexcision for rectal cancer. Lancet. 1986;1:1479</span><span style="color: black;">–1482.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4. van Gijn W, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, et al; Dutch Colorectal CancerGroup. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision forresectable rectal cancer: 12-year follow-up of the multicentre, randomisedcontrolled TME trial.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:575</span><span style="color: black;">–582.</span></p>
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    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">9. Keane C, Wells C, O</span><span style="color: black;">’Grady G, BissettIP. Defining low anterior resection syndrome: a systematic review of theliterature. Colorectal Dis. 2017;19:713–722.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">10. Chapman SJ, Bolton WS, Corrigan N, Young N, Jayne DG. Across-sectional review of reporting variation in postoperative boweldysfunction after rectal cancer surgery. Dis Colon Rectum.2017;60:240</span><span style="color: black;">–247.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">11. Scheer AS, Boushey RP, Liang S, Doucette S, O</span><span style="color: black;">’ConnorAM, Moher D. The long-term gastrointestinal functional outcomes followingcurative anterior resection in adults with rectal cancer: a systematic reviewand meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2011;54:1589</span><span style="color: black;">–1597.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">12. Emmertsen KJ, Laurberg S. Low anterior resection syndrome score:development and validation of a symptom-based scoring system for boweldysfunction after low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Ann Surg.2012;255:922</span><span style="color: black;">–928.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">13. Croese AD, Lonie JM, Trollope AF, Vangaveti VN, Ho YH. A meta-analysisof the prevalence of low anterior resection syndrome and systematic review ofrisk factors. Int J Surg.2018;56:234</span><span style="color: black;">–241.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">14. Juul T, Ahlberg M, Biondo S, et al. Low anterior resection syndromeand quality of life: an international multicenter study. Dis Colon Rectum.2014;57:585</span><span style="color: black;">–591.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">15. Hou XT, Pang D, Lu Q, et al. Validation of the Chinese version of thelow anterior resection syndrome score for measuring bowel dysfunction aftersphincter-preserving surgery among rectal cancer patients. Eur J Oncol Nurs.2015;19:495</span><span style="color: black;">–501.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">16. Juul T, Ahlberg M, Biondo S, et al. International validation of thelow anterior resection syndrome score. Ann Surg.2014;259:728</span><span style="color: black;">–734.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">17. Juul T, Battersby NJ, Christensen P, et al; UK LARS Study Group.Validation of the English translation of the low anterior resection syndromescore. Colorectal Dis. 2015;17:908</span><span style="color: black;">–916.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">18. Ribas Y, Aguilar F, Jovell-Fern</span><span style="color: black;">ández E, Cayetano L,Navarro-Luna A, Muñoz-Duyos A. Clinical application of the LARS score: resultsfrom a pilot study. Int J Colorectal Dis.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2017;32:409</span><span style="color: black;">–418.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">19. Williamson PR, Altman DG, Bagley H, et al. The COMET Handbook: version1.0. Trials. 2017;18(suppl 3):280.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">20. COMET Initiative. Guideline for Selecting Outcome MeasurementInstruments for Outcomes Included in a Core Outcome Set. 2016. Cited August 27,2019. Available at: http://www.comet-initiative.org/</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">21. Powell C. The Delphi technique: myths and realities. J AdvNurs.2003;41:376</span><span style="color: black;">–382.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">22. Hsu CC, Sandford BA. The Delphi technique: making sense of consensus.Pract Assess, Res Eval. 2007;12:1</span><span style="color: black;">–8.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">23. Dalkey N, Helmer O. An experimental application of the Delphi methodto the use of experts. Manage Sci. 1963;9:458</span><span style="color: black;">–467.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">24. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Gaining consensus amongstakeholders through the nominal group technique. 2018. Cited August 27, 2019.Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/evaluation/pdf/brief7.pdf</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">25. Juul T, Elfeki H, Christensen P, Laurberg S, Emmertsen KJ, Bager P.Normative data for the low anterior resection syndrome score (LARS Score). AnnSurg. 2019;269:1124</span><span style="color: black;">–1128.</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">26. Temple LK, Bacik J, Savatta SG, et al. The development of a validatedinstrument to evaluate bowel function after sphincter-preserving surgery forrectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum.2005;48:1353</span><span style="color: black;">–1365.</span></p>




7wu1wm0 发表于 2024-10-27 09:05:37

你的见解真是独到,让我受益良多。

4zhvml8 发表于 2024-11-7 05:12:14

“BS”(鄙视的缩写)‌
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