大便带血是癌症前兆吗？肿瘤科医生带你一文读懂大肠癌
<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gKnytBjicgbm5US2xsj7CSM3TzzFxCGk8QdlEu8emKOYw23BgnVRLPj8ATNiboGGJ0OyGnfe09Uteq4aBHUgm6Rg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gKnytBjicgbm5US2xsj7CSM3TzzFxCGk87Yoq6piaiaibfvCBOy6nQeJW96wWEt9GGEGkWR06a9X9wAWAQe9894Picg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大肠分为结肠和直肠，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>大肠癌又被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为结直肠癌。在我国，结直肠癌是仅次于肺癌、胃癌的第三大高发癌症，但结直肠癌症状隐匿，较难实现早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>、早治疗。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>在<span style="color: black;">平常</span>预防就变得<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>部位的不同，结肠又分为右半结肠与左半结肠，其中右半结肠癌的症状为腹部隐痛、贫血、腹部<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肿块；左半结肠癌的症状为便血、腹痛、腹部肿块、腹部绞痛（肠梗阻）。直肠癌的症状为便血、大便习惯和形状改变等，晚期可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>消瘦、乏力、贫血等慢性消耗症状。</p>结直肠癌的发病<span style="color: black;">原由</span>与息肉癌变、遗传、结直肠的慢性炎症、<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>等<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>。手术切除是结、直肠癌的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，<span style="color: black;">按照</span>肿瘤部位的不同，结直肠癌手术方式有所不同。<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>结直肠癌的预防，及早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>和处理结直肠息肉就去掉了癌症的发病<span style="color: black;">基本</span>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>存在家族史的人群，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>进行结直肠筛查和基因检测。存在结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">关联</span>症状者，要及早行肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gKnytBjicgbm5US2xsj7CSM3TzzFxCGk8hb0D8QprFSzOwAicpPeH4cAuN6N9gq5M8ib9BmKkNGYrA1GHDaicNvvMQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><strong style="color: blue;">步召德</strong><span style="color: black;">北京大学肿瘤医院胃肠肿瘤中心二病区<span style="color: black;">专家</span></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>中国国家癌症中心2015年的数据，结直肠癌的发病率居于我国恶性肿瘤发病率的第三位，是仅次于肺癌、胃癌的第三大高发癌症，每年都会夺去约18.7万人的性命，相当于<span style="color: black;">每日</span>都有500多人死于结直肠癌。然而，结直肠癌症状隐匿，是<span style="color: black;">少许</span>能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>筛查做到<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>、<span style="color: black;">初期</span>治疗的恶性肿瘤之一。<span style="color: black;">近期</span>，有较真网友在后台提问：结直肠癌有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>症状？<span style="color: black;">平常</span>生活中要<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>预防呢？较真邀请北京大学肿瘤医院胃肠肿瘤中心二病区<span style="color: black;">专家</span>步召德<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>，来讲讲结直肠癌（大肠癌）的<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>事儿。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span><span style="color: black;">体积</span>肠、结直</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肠，如</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">何区分？</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">说到结直肠癌，到底是结肠部位病变还是直肠部位病变？二者是什么关系？这还要从<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>肠道的结构说起。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的肠道<span style="color: black;">包含</span>小肠和大肠两部分，小肠全长5～6米，小肠下端连接于盲肠，盲肠上生长着阑尾。自盲肠<span style="color: black;">起始</span>，直到肛门的肠道被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为大肠，长约1.5米。大肠末端15厘米与肛门相接的部分<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为直肠，其余部分叫作结肠。<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>，<strong style="color: blue;">大肠又分为结肠和直肠</strong>。结肠<span style="color: black;">包括</span>了盲肠、升结肠、横结肠、降结肠和乙状结肠，其中<strong style="color: blue;">盲肠、升结肠、横结肠被合<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为右半结肠，降结肠和乙状结肠被合<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为左半结肠。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">小肠部位起源的癌症非常少见，大肠癌则非常<span style="color: black;">平常</span>。<strong style="color: blue;">大肠癌被统<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为结直肠癌</strong>，结肠癌和直肠癌有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">一起</span>之处，不过症状、治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>等<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>方面<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有所不同。<strong style="color: blue;">二者在分别介绍时，则被分为结肠癌和直肠癌。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>结肠癌和直肠癌都有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>症状？</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>提醒，癌症本身并<span style="color: black;">无</span>特异性的症状。结肠癌和直肠癌<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">同样</span>，<span style="color: black;">无</span>特异的症状。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">以直肠癌最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的便血为例，直肠的良性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>炎症、溃疡、息肉、痔、瘘等多种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>表现为便血。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">结肠癌和直肠癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>的症状，肿瘤生长到<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度，依其生长部位不同而有不同的症状。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、右半结肠癌的症状</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">右侧结肠在解剖上<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>腔大、壁薄的特征，内容物多呈液状，很少<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肠腔梗阻，被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>时<span style="color: black;">常常</span>肿瘤比<span style="color: black;">很强</span>。症状<span style="color: black;">重点</span>为：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">①腹痛右半结肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>70％～80％有腹痛，多为隐痛；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">②贫血因癌灶的坏死、脱落、慢性失血而引起，超过50％的病人<span style="color: black;">显现</span>贫血；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">③肿块<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是右半结肠癌的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>症状。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、左半结肠癌的症状</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">左侧结肠腔较细，肠腔内容物多呈半固体状，肿瘤浸润性生长，易致肠腔狭窄和梗阻。在出处，大便<span style="color: black;">已然</span>成型，肿瘤<span style="color: black;">流血</span><span style="color: black;">附着</span>表面，经肛门排出后<span style="color: black;">能够</span>被观察到。症状<span style="color: black;">重点</span>为：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">①便血：黏液血便70％以上<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>便血或黏液血便；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">②腹痛：约60％<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>腹痛，腹痛可为隐痛；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">③腹部肿块：40％<span style="color: black;">上下</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可触及左下腹肿块；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">④肠梗阻：表现为腹部绞痛。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3、直肠癌的症状</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">直肠癌的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状常不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>，随着肿瘤的增大，<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>一系列症状，<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性少量便血或大便习惯改变，大便次数略<span style="color: black;">增多</span>等。当肿瘤生长到<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度后，<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>以下症状：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">①便血：直肠癌长到<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度均会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>便血。肿瘤体积较小、粘膜未<span style="color: black;">显现</span>破溃时，便血<span style="color: black;">常常</span>不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>，此时可能有直肠刺激症状等，如肿瘤直接刺激直肠产生大便次数略<span style="color: black;">增加</span>或腹泻，便不尽感等。随着肿瘤体积增大，粘膜<span style="color: black;">出现</span>糜烂、破溃，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>肿瘤破裂坏死，<span style="color: black;">流血</span>量<span style="color: black;">增加</span>。但<span style="color: black;">流血</span>量与肿瘤性质并<span style="color: black;">没</span>对应关系，良性腺瘤或炎性息肉<span style="color: black;">同样</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>大<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，而直肠癌<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>仅有便潜血阳性。便血<span style="color: black;">亦</span>并不是直肠癌的独特症状，如直肠炎症、直肠溃疡、直肠结核、息肉、寄生虫病、痣瘘，或直肠粘膜下肿瘤如间质瘤、淋巴瘤、神经内分泌肿瘤侵及粘膜时<span style="color: black;">也</span>会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>便血、直肠刺激症状等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">②肿瘤溃破感染：直肠癌组织质较脆，<span style="color: black;">显现</span>机械刺激等<span style="color: black;">原由</span>后癌肿溃破后，排便时<span style="color: black;">流血</span>量<span style="color: black;">增多</span>，<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>肠道内有<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的细菌，可继发感染，再加上有坏死组织脱落，与鲜血混合后，可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>脓血便、粘液便等，几乎所有<span style="color: black;">发展</span>期直肠癌均<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有脓血便或粘液便，大便次数<span style="color: black;">增加</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">③大便习惯、形状改变：<span style="color: black;">初期</span>直肠癌就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有大便次数<span style="color: black;">增加</span>、便稀等直肠刺激症状，肿瘤越靠近肛门，直肠刺激症状越<span style="color: black;">显著</span>。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>肿瘤分泌物的刺激，<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span>性肛门坠胀感，大便次数<span style="color: black;">增加</span><span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">达到</span>每日数十次，此时大便多为粘液或脓血便。当肿瘤增大<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度后<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肠腔狭窄，常<span style="color: black;">导致</span>大便变形或变细，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>排便困难<span style="color: black;">引起</span>腹痛、腹胀等肠梗阻症状。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">④<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>等局部浸润症状：<span style="color: black;">初期</span>直肠癌<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不疼，如肿瘤浸润肛管或括约肌，则伴<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。尤其在排便时<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>加剧。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">⑤晚期癌肿症状：随着肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>，直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>消瘦、乏力、贫血等慢性消耗症状。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>结直肠癌的发病<span style="color: black;">原由</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、息肉癌变</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大部分散发结直肠癌由息肉恶变而来。结、直肠息肉，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是腺瘤性息肉，是癌前病变。结、直肠癌<span style="color: black;">经过</span>“正常黏膜腺瘤癌变”<span style="color: black;">这般</span>一种<span style="color: black;">次序</span>发展的规律。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、遗传</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大约20%的结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">出现</span>与遗传直接<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。遗传性非息肉性结直肠癌家族成员有错配修复基因突变，而家族性腺瘤性息肉病家族成员中80％<span style="color: black;">出现</span>APC基因突变，遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span>在直肠癌<span style="color: black;">出现</span>中的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>。有家族史者，结直肠癌的发病<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3、结直肠的慢性炎症</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">如溃疡性结肠炎病人，<span style="color: black;">出现</span>结直肠癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4、<span style="color: black;">膳食</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">高脂、高蛋白<span style="color: black;">食品</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>结直肠癌的发病<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>纤维与结、直肠癌的发病率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有密切关系。高纤维<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>的摄入可<span style="color: black;">增多</span>粪便的单位体积重量，使得粪便<span style="color: black;">经过</span>肠道速度加快，减少肠道中有害物质的形成及活性，缩短致癌物质与肠黏膜的接触时间。高温烹饪的鱼及肉的裂解产物会产生的有害物质，可能会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>结直肠癌的发病<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。流行病学<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>人群钙和维生素D摄入量与结、直肠癌发病存在负<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5、年龄</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">结直肠癌是一种老年病，80%以上的大肠癌<span style="color: black;">出现</span>年龄大于50岁的中老年人，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>年龄越高，<span style="color: black;">出现</span>大肠癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>越大。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>结直肠癌的治疗</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">手术切除是结、直肠癌的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，是治愈的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>所在。</strong>近年来随着抗肿瘤新药和新治疗技术的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>，结、直肠癌的治疗<span style="color: black;">作为</span>以外科手术为主的多学科综合治疗。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>肿瘤部位的不同，结直肠癌手术方式有所不同，但<span style="color: black;">能够</span>概括为根治性手术切除，采用根治性的切除+淋巴结清扫。适合于临床分期为Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ期的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">部分的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">能够</span>采用内镜切除，或经肛门局部切除。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠癌，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>术前行放化学治疗， <span style="color: black;">而后</span>行根治性手术治疗。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>降低局部复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>有危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>的Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期结直肠癌，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>行化疗，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>降低复发、转移的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">IV期结直肠癌，治疗的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>是减轻病人痛苦，延迟<span style="color: black;">存活</span>时间。最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是化疗；靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>日渐常用，国内常用靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>有两种：贝伐珠单抗和西妥昔单抗。免疫治疗是<span style="color: black;">近期</span>几年晚期结直肠癌的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>，最常用<span style="color: black;">药品</span>是PD-1抗体，适用微卫星不稳定类型的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">5、</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>预防结直肠癌</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、及早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>和处理结直肠息肉</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">息肉越大，恶变的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>越高。直径<span style="color: black;">少于</span>1厘米的息肉，罕有癌变。超过1厘米，则<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>。及早去除结直肠息肉，就去掉了癌症的发病<span style="color: black;">基本</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、遗传<span style="color: black;">关联</span>结直肠癌筛查和基因检测</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>存在家族史的人群，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>进行结直肠筛查和基因检测。这<span style="color: black;">针对</span>预防结直肠癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>尤为<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3、肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">对结直肠癌的高危人群，如45岁以上男性，溃疡性结肠炎<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，有结直肠癌家族史的人，存在结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">关联</span>症状者，要及早行肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">结直肠癌的发病率虽然很高，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>还在<span style="color: black;">提升</span>，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>结直肠癌的预后相对较好。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，则绝大部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>治愈。及早进行<span style="color: black;">检测</span>和检测，预防结直肠癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>，则是更好的策略。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">©版权声明：本文系腾讯较真平台独家稿件，未经授权，禁止媒体转载。欢迎个人转发至<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>圈。</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gKnytBjicgbm5US2xsj7CSM3TzzFxCGk8wq6mCLjiboSUzk8MLJFkL5zicDvscmmwwBBqDpMlBoQkwEJruYjibicRNw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><a style="color: black;">结肠腺瘤<span style="color: black;">便是</span>结肠息肉？</a></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><a style="color: black;">便秘会产生肠毒？</a></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><a style="color: black;">做结肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>之前最好清理肠道？</a></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><a style="color: black;">大便变得又细又长，是肠癌征兆？</a></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>腹泻，是肠癌？</a></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">有问题，问较真妹 <strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">点我提问</a></span></strong></span></strong><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">扫码关注<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>，健康知识在手</span></strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gKnytBjicgbmh1jAcU2oMSl6NHTiaGeCiakjlzeheMCwX2p87oS37a2DYXuqZZAdnS4cL9L1bdicdKbABhQacGyhBQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></strong></span></strong></span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/gKnytBjicgbmh1jAcU2oMSl6NHTiaGeCiake3rRgDbwJQftaCyvZILO82bGlxic0aHsXyEUiawsQqlnRp0ZaT8x7psw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">点一下“<strong style="color: blue;">在看</strong>”，传递健康知识</strong></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/gKnytBjicgbmh1jAcU2oMSl6NHTiaGeCiak13kNGfEo3CJsaTukUy7BVSQFiaB3W9Y2DhX7d7ZY98tdD7d7sU6U5wg/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
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