癌症亦会遗传？这8种癌症，容易遗传给下一代
<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/49iaFZeibYsYfM4h7pcba8wZdkFqpUib0YCnyOLia9bZnKp2QrzvdVNfyVwNL7cpoEQ2n8mmXDAGpz4VCWwbW4O38g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">本文经授权转载自：健康榨知机（ey_global）</span><span style="color: black;">一人患癌，<span style="color: black;">整家</span>担忧！</span><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">癌症<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>致癌基因突变<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的。</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">导致</span>致癌基因突变的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>大致可分为两类：</span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>后天自然衰老、生活方式和环境等<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的，如抽烟、饮酒、辐射等；</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>先天遗传了某种致癌基因突变<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">某些类型的癌症之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>有遗传性，是<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>致癌基因突变会代代相传。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">大概</span>5%-10%的癌症<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>遗传直接<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的，<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>可能遗传给下一代！</strong></span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/49iaFZeibYsYdz9lfb4ZcI2STVxlAUZL9X4YxasI3U6f0mI605FJF2yiclh5iaZjt1AcKroy5zjvQzicrPiaZucYYFoQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：摄图网</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">那些</span>癌症与遗传的致癌基因突变<span style="color: black;">相关</span>，容易遗传给下一代呢？<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>整理了一份<span style="color: black;">名单</span>，<span style="color: black;">一块</span>来<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>吧。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">1</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">乳腺癌</strong></span><span style="color: black;">乳腺癌是<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的癌症。2020年，在新确诊的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中，每8名就有1名是乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员认为，100名乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中，<span style="color: black;">大概</span>5-10人<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>某个遗传性基因突变<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>，<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>、并可进行检测的基因突变有<strong style="color: blue;">BRCA1、BRCA2、TP53、PALB2和PTEN基因突变</strong>。</span><span style="color: black;">BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变，是两种经常被提起的基因突变。虽然这两种基因突变并不<span style="color: black;">平常</span>，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">持有</span>其中任何一种基因突变的女性，80岁之前患乳腺癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>将高达70%。这两种基因突变还会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>卵巢癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>；BRCA2基因突变还会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>男性乳腺癌和前列腺癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">TP53基因<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>细胞分裂的时间，是一类肿瘤<span style="color: black;">控制</span>基因。TP53基因突变可<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>利弗劳梅尼综合症（Li－Fraumeni），<span style="color: black;">从而</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>；PTEN基因突变可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>多发性错构瘤<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>（Cowden’ssyndrome），<span style="color: black;">增多</span>乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">结直肠癌</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">有些</span>遗传基因突变可<span style="color: black;">引起</span><strong style="color: blue;">家族性腺瘤性息肉病（FAP）、MYH<span style="color: black;">关联</span>息肉病（MAP）、林奇<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>（Lynch syndrome）以及幼年型息肉病<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>（JPS）等</strong>，<span style="color: black;">从而</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">家族性腺瘤性息肉病由APC基因突变<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。<span style="color: black;">青春</span>时，一个有突变的APC基因，可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>数百个非癌性（良性）息肉在肠道中<span style="color: black;">生长</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不<span style="color: black;">即时</span>治疗，几乎所有<span style="color: black;">病人</span>将在40多岁时患上结直肠癌。</span><span style="color: black;">MYH<span style="color: black;">关联</span>息肉病<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>MYH基因（<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为MUTYH基因）突变<span style="color: black;">导致</span>，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在50岁以下就有可能患上结直肠癌。</span><span style="color: black;">林奇<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>由MLH1、MSH2、MSH6和PMS2基因突变<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。虽然<span style="color: black;">所有</span>结直肠癌病例中，与林奇<span style="color: black;">综合症</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>的比例很小（<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>约3%），<span style="color: black;">然则</span>有70-90%的林奇<span style="color: black;">综合症</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>会发展成结直肠癌。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，林奇<span style="color: black;">综合症</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>其他癌症的<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>女性子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">3</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肾癌</span></strong></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/49iaFZeibYsYdz9lfb4ZcI2STVxlAUZL9Xk6Tyt6Nd7H4fHcYYWUB7N73SQqrjEdH5ErGvdYe4EUkiavWR00EX0fQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：摄图网</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">有些</span>遗传性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>肾癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，<span style="color: black;">不外</span>幸运的是，这些遗传性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>非常罕见。据统计，因这些遗传性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的肾癌，仅占<span style="color: black;">所有</span>肾癌病例的约2%-4%。</span><span style="color: black;">这些遗传性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>：<strong style="color: blue;">Von Hippel Lindau（VHL）<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>、结节性硬化、Birt Hogg Dube<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>、孤立遗传性乳头状肾细胞癌、遗传性平滑肌瘤病和肾癌。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">Von Hippel Lindau<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>由VHL基因突变<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，携带该基因突变的人，大脑、脊柱、胰腺、眼睛和内耳<span style="color: black;">出现</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">结节性硬化由TSC1和TSC2基因突变<span style="color: black;">导致</span>，可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>皮肤、大脑和心脏问题，以及肾脏<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。 </span><span style="color: black;">Birt Hogg Dube<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>由FLCN基因突变<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。<span style="color: black;">身患</span>该病的人，会在面部、颈部和上半身<span style="color: black;">显现</span>多发性、良性皮肤肿瘤（纤维毛囊瘤）。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">4</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">卵巢癌</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">已知会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>卵巢癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>、并可进行检测的基因突变<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span><strong style="color: blue;">BRCA1、BRCA2以及与林奇<span style="color: black;">综合症</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>的基因突变。</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员分析，大<span style="color: black;">大概</span>5%-15%的卵巢癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，都有<span style="color: black;">最少</span>一种BRCA基因突变；而10%-12%的女性林奇<span style="color: black;">综合症</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>会发展为卵巢癌。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">5</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">胰腺癌</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">据估计，<span style="color: black;">大概</span>10%的胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>基因突变<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>还<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>某一单一基因突变会直接<span style="color: black;">引起</span>胰腺癌，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">无</span>对应的检测<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>，<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>其他癌症的基因突变<span style="color: black;">亦</span>极有可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>胰腺癌，<span style="color: black;">包含</span><strong style="color: blue;">BRCA2、STK11、ML1、MSH2、MSH6、PMS2、FAP和MEN1突变。</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">6</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">前列腺癌</span></strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">BRCA2基因突变</span></strong><span style="color: black;">会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>男性患前列腺癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，<span style="color: black;">身患</span><strong style="color: blue;">林奇<span style="color: black;">综合症</span></strong>的男性<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，患前列腺癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>更高。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">7</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">子宫内膜癌</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">身患</span><strong style="color: blue;">林奇<span style="color: black;">综合症</span></strong>的女性，子宫癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，子宫癌还与<strong style="color: blue;">PTEN</strong>这种基因突变<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">8</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">黑色素瘤</span></strong></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/49iaFZeibYsYdz9lfb4ZcI2STVxlAUZL9XA9W9SE3SYKialmEbVicfssDtFbMUDBSLoU5hEmOqG4KC4Axg29Nfs0Fw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：摄图网</span><span style="color: black;">黑色素瘤是一类<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>在皮肤的癌症。黑色素瘤的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是<span style="color: black;">太多</span>地暴露在紫外线下。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，约10%的黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，有家族史。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">家族性非典型多痣黑素瘤<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>（FAMMM）</span></strong><span style="color: black;">会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。同时，FAMMM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>还有较高的胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，<strong style="color: blue;">CDKN2A基因突变</strong><span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能与家族性黑色素瘤病例<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">总而言之，遗传的基因突变会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>多种癌症<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>自己的癌症家族史很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>担心自己<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会有相应的基因突变，<span style="color: black;">即时</span>咨询<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>，进行基因检测或许<span style="color: black;">能够</span>帮你确定自己的癌症<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>自己携带了某种基因突变，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不消</span>过于担心，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这并不<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着<span style="color: black;">必定</span>会患癌症。</span><span style="color: black;">癌症是多种<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">一起</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>的，携带了基因突变只是<span style="color: black;">危害</span>较高，应<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">警觉</span>。<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>采取<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>，降低患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，及早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌前病变或癌症，<span style="color: black;">即时</span>治疗以<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>率。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">能够</span>遵医嘱，进行相应的癌症筛查和检测，并适当<span style="color: black;">增多</span>癌症筛查的频率；在<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>下<span style="color: black;">吃下</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>进行相关手术。</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>要保持健康的生活习惯，戒烟戒酒、健康<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>、保持健康体重、<span style="color: black;">增多</span>运动<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>，避免<span style="color: black;">增多</span>患癌症<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">参考资料</span></strong>Family Cancer Syndromes. Retrieved Jan 4 ,2021,from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/genetics/family-cancer-syndromes.htmlInherited genes andcancer types. Retrieved Jan 4 ,2021 from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/inherited-cancer-genes-and-increased-cancer-risk/inherited-genes-and-cancer-types#inherited_genes3<span style="color: black;">版权说明：本文经药明康德内容团队「健康榨知机」<span style="color: black;">微X</span>公众号（ID：ey_global）授权转载。欢迎个人转发至<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>圈，未经授权不得二次转载。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">转载链接：</span></strong><span style="color: black;">https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Osh5owjZvfYaFxxwLQx_zg</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">注：</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">文案</span>转载分享，如有侵权，请联系即行删除</span>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>您<span style="color: black;">期盼</span></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>国内外<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">精细</span>癌筛体检服务信息</strong><span style="color: black;">，请</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">扫描下方二维</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">码联系<span style="color: black;">咱们</span></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，盛诺一家<span style="color: black;">能够</span>为您<span style="color: black;">供给</span>专业的<span style="color: black;">指点</span>和服务，<span style="color: black;">包含</span><strong style="color: blue;">预约国内、国外权威医院“医疗级”体检，由副高及以上级别肿瘤<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>实施<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/49iaFZeibYsYdNHB8r1ETlMS6R7WvfEsF24oFVsPtuApwrBPWJao8j9jibYSqWUFLG9eYVP7ttoPwlVufVZ7LgFWg/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">请在备注中输入口令：12052</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">盛诺一家只做一件事情，<span style="color: black;">便是</span>救命。只要人类还有办法，不论是新上市的特效<span style="color: black;">药品</span>、还是前沿的设备，不论是在美国哈佛，还是英国、德国、日本著名医院，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>都会快速<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>找到，都会两周内<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>快速和<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>专家视频咨询，<span style="color: black;">或</span>直接飞到发达国家进行治疗。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>每年服务上千位癌症等重病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，其中<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>重获新生。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/49iaFZeibYsYeTvzKLKKBs63jPBYgdT3TX4b3pFgOZTibtxO7YRE43MAHR8iauhm2yibBLz3TgdxAiciaGpESGfvZ9ylw/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/49iaFZeibYsYfEWPibZicNPcTngfVjgt6nlf3icJh0OkFhjy36sZiaWJMhzJJI92QUX7RWkJqeWX67ibCEN2jYCswj57Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/49iaFZeibYsYe0maSicZeJ74tet6boOUROdMA3wCfuCYYl3iaUs0zZZp6wpKBvbUw9YdI6YhHJ6ZibQJQFKYGoL4GIw/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">长按识别 | 关注分享</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>觉得有用，就给<span style="color: black;">博主</span>点个“在看”吧~</span></strong></span>
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