直肠指检能摸出90%直肠癌，以大“菊”为重，别害羞！
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>有一项“特技”，仅凭一根手指就能令九成直肠癌原形毕露，且<span style="color: black;">花费</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>就几十，它<span style="color: black;">便是</span>让人闻之色变的——直肠指检。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">遗憾的是，这项性价比颇高的体检项目，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>尴尬被大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人主动放弃了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">北京大学肿瘤医院热疗中心广州协作中心<span style="color: black;">专家</span>胡群峰教授</strong><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，<strong style="color: blue;">其实直肠指检简便且奏效，<span style="color: black;">不应</span>一拒了之</strong>。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">直肠指<span style="color: black;">检测</span>出九成直肠癌</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大肠癌发病率在我国所有恶性肿瘤中排第三位，长江中下游及沿海地区的大肠癌发病率及死亡率更高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中国人肠癌与西方人相比有<strong style="color: blue;">“三高一低”</strong>的特点：直肠癌发病率较结肠癌高，约1.5～2:1；低位直肠癌在直肠癌中所占比例较高，约为70%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">青年人(<30岁)比例较高，约占15%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断率比西方更低。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">协同</span>较好的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，直肠指检<span style="color: black;">能够</span>触摸到距肛周6~7厘米深的部位。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">身患</span>直肠癌，<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，在该部位能摸到高低不平的硬块，抽出手指时看到黏液和暗红色血液。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，<strong style="color: blue;">约90%的直肠癌</strong>，尤其是直肠下段癌，<strong style="color: blue;">仅靠直肠指检就可<span style="color: black;">发掘</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">什么<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下<span style="color: black;">必须</span>做直肠指检？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">排便习惯的改变</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>排便习惯较以往<span style="color: black;">显现</span>改变，如大便次数<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">增加</span>、<span style="color: black;">没</span>诱因的便秘、排便不尽感等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">排便形状的改变</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大便较前形状变细、变窄了，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>大便表面<span style="color: black;">显现</span>一道凹槽等都<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">注意</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">便血<span style="color: black;">状况</span>的<span style="color: black;">显现</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当<span style="color: black;">显现</span>便血的<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>要到正规医院进行肛门指检，虽然大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>便血呈鲜红色的<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>痔疮可能性大，但临床上<span style="color: black;">初期</span>直肠癌的表现<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可为便血，直肠指检多能作出鉴别。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">为么</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>对直肠指检敬而远之？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了体检者难为情、怕暴露隐私和认为<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">不必</span>外，还有一部分人怕痛和感觉会不舒服。<strong style="color: blue;">其实，直肠指检并<span style="color: black;">无</span>想象的<span style="color: black;">那样</span>不舒服</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">国外有项调查，在行直肠指检的人中，<span style="color: black;">检测</span>前<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>59.4%的觉得<span style="color: black;">能够</span>接受该<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，当等所有人都<span style="color: black;">检测</span>完成后，接受率<span style="color: black;">提升</span>到了91.5%！<strong style="color: blue;">换句话说，有32.1%的人在<span style="color: black;">实质</span>体验之后，觉得直肠指检并<span style="color: black;">无</span>想象中<span style="color: black;">那样</span>痛苦</strong>。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>对<span style="color: black;">检测</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>评分平均仅为1.69分（满分为10分），<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">能够</span>说这点<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>几乎“微不足道”</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">另有一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>，在行直肠指检的老年<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中，<span style="color: black;">检测</span>前对其中一半的人<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>解释了这项<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>解剖结构、<span style="color: black;">检测</span>的过程等等，结果这些人的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>评分仅有1.31分，而另一半对这项<span style="color: black;">检测</span>还有所顾忌，<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>评分达到了5.06分。可见，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>直肠指检的抗拒和“痛苦”，<strong style="color: blue;">很大程度上来自于<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对它的害怕和未知的想象</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">写到最后</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>身体<span style="color: black;">显现</span>预警信号，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>排便习惯改变，大便<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、大便性状改变，<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>腹泻或便秘，里急后重等<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，更<span style="color: black;">必须</span>主动到医院<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>专业<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>，决定<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>进行直肠指检。</p>
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