漫画科普丨好好的细胞怎么会癌变？看完你就明白了
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<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8," style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：企鹅<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一个正<span style="color: black;">一般人</span>，<span style="color: black;">每日</span>会因<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>产生6000个<span style="color: black;">上下</span>的癌细胞，而人体的免疫细胞则负责消灭癌细胞。</p>
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</div>▲人体中抗击癌细胞（红）的T细胞<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">免疫细胞有许多种类，<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>淋巴细胞、树突状细胞、单核/巨噬细胞、粒细胞、NK细胞、肥大细胞等。它们各自有各自的使命，各司其职又相互协作，<span style="color: black;">一起</span>抵御外来的不良侵害。</p>
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</div>▲<span style="color: black;">身体</span>被激活的NK细胞正在击杀病毒<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，人体的免疫系统<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">有效</span>地识别和消灭癌细胞，以保卫人体健康。这些人体的天然“健康卫士”，不会放过每一个逃逸的癌细胞。即便癌细胞成功逃逸进入血液，免疫细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会对癌细胞发起猛烈进攻。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">免疫细胞可穿过血管壁奔赴“战场”，向炎症和创伤组织进军、围剿。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>免疫细胞再厉害，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>得“<span style="color: black;">青春</span>”才行。虽然人体免疫系统功效了得，但想让它发挥功效，那<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>健康有活力的免疫细胞。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>年龄增长时，免疫细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会衰老，失去功能。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>适当<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>免疫细胞。<span style="color: black;">加强</span>免疫力，抵御重大<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">再也不</span>是异想天开。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8," style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>▲人体免疫机能在巅峰期后<span style="color: black;">持续</span>下降，患病<span style="color: black;">危害</span>急剧<span style="color: black;">增多</span>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">免疫力<span style="color: black;">便是</span>人体抵御病毒的护盾</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当病毒想要入侵人体时，一共要经历人体的三道防线。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>道防线是<span style="color: black;">理学</span>屏障：由皮肤、粘膜及其分泌物<span style="color: black;">形成</span>，可抵挡大部分的病原体入侵；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">第二道防线由体液中的杀菌物质<span style="color: black;">形成</span>：<span style="color: black;">例如</span>溶菌酶和吞噬细胞，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>清理病毒和被病毒感染的细胞；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">第三道防线由免疫器官和免疫细胞<span style="color: black;">形成</span>的免疫系统，可对躲过前两道防线入侵人体的病毒等起<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">免疫系统就像是人体的“防火墙”，能识别和消灭外来的细菌、病毒及其它的异己物质，并且还会处理<span style="color: black;">自己</span>衰老的、死亡的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>细胞。而免疫细胞，则是驻扎在人体的防御部队，一旦<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>病毒、细菌的入侵，或<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>变异的细胞，就会立刻出动将其歼灭。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">健康人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的T细胞、NK细胞等免疫细胞，是身体的防卫军，它们形成防线，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>大幅<span style="color: black;">加强</span>人体抗病毒的能力。在极端<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，<span style="color: black;">作为</span>一种“应急防御机制”。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>，NK细胞<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的抗病毒免疫细胞——它能识别被病毒感染的细胞，快速分泌颗粒酶和穿孔素并且裂解细胞，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>还能分泌促进炎症因子（如IFN-γ、TNF-α等）<span style="color: black;">导致</span>更广泛的免疫应答，<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>机体病毒的数量。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">免疫力与病毒之间的博弈</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">免疫力<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的健康至关重要，但它并不是<span style="color: black;">始终</span>都保持<span style="color: black;">一样</span>的水平。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">人体的免疫力受<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>的影响，呈曲线波动。免疫力在20岁<span style="color: black;">上下</span>达到顶峰；在40岁，免疫力为顶峰时期的一半；过了40岁，免疫力曲线下降<span style="color: black;">显著</span>。当免疫力下降时，人体就非常容易受到病菌入侵，从而<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">患病</span>。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当机体<span style="color: black;">处在</span>年老时或<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>时，细胞活性下降，免疫细胞数量大幅减少，免疫功能衰退，都会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>机体肿瘤易感性<span style="color: black;">增多</span>、<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>率<span style="color: black;">增多</span>、传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>易感性<span style="color: black;">增多</span>、机体恢复缓慢等。在现实生活中，免疫力<span style="color: black;">能够</span>解释<span style="color: black;">为何</span>疫情中会<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>症状感染者，<span style="color: black;">为何</span>老年人比<span style="color: black;">青春</span>人<span style="color: black;">更易</span><span style="color: black;">患病</span>并恶化。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>，当人体被病毒感染时，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>免疫细胞数量下降。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">总结</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然随着年龄的<span style="color: black;">增多</span>，<span style="color: black;">身体</span>干细胞和免疫细胞的数量及活力会<span style="color: black;">持续</span>减弱，但<span style="color: black;">日前</span>已有成熟的生物学技术，能够定向<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>干细胞以及免疫细胞，为<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的健康保驾护航。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图源：企鹅<span style="color: black;">大夫</span></p>
一看到楼主的气势，我就觉得楼主同在社区里灌水。 你的话语如春风拂面，温暖了我的心房，真的很感谢。
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