直肠癌易误诊为痔疮和肠炎,初期直肠癌仔细有哪些症状?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">据<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,90%以上病例在初期被误诊为痔疮,70%的病人在确诊为直肠癌以前,曾接肠炎、痔核治疗,另有数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>直肠癌的误诊率为60%-90%,这足以说明直肠癌相<span style="color: black;">针对</span>其他癌症<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,误诊率非常高,其中最容易被误诊为内痔<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、息肉<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、痢疾、直肠炎等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>直肠癌容易被误诊?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、对<span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状不<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>性不高:<span style="color: black;">初期</span>直肠癌的隐蔽性很强、症状<span style="color: black;">亦</span>较轻,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>人们对普通的排便习惯改变、大便潜血等症状以为是内痔<span style="color: black;">流血</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>,就容易漏诊;<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,许多人<span style="color: black;">检测</span>到“痔”就<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>作进一步<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,对直肠内<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的癌前病变,如息肉、溃疡等未能<span style="color: black;">即时</span>治疗,而发展成癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、羞于<span style="color: black;">检测</span>或怕痛而拒绝肛检:80%以上的直肠癌均<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在直肠指诊时触及,直肠指检<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>用一个手指头伸进<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的肛门的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>临床<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>,但许多外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,临床的普通体检中就有不少小姑娘出于怕痛或害羞等<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,拒绝肛门指诊或肛门<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,从而失去了<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断的机会。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">痔疮与直肠癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">痔疮的临床表现是,内痔便后出鲜血及痔块的脱出,偶尔会瘙痒,外痔则易潮湿不洁、肛门不适、剧痛等,若症状内外兼有则是混合痔。痔疮<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不会转化为直肠癌,痔疮,简单理解<span style="color: black;">便是</span>肛缘皮下的血管及<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织扩张、增生,而肿瘤,是结直肠黏膜的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>增生改变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">况且</span>,痔疮<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会像直肠癌<span style="color: black;">同样</span>对机体健康<span style="color: black;">导致</span>严重<span style="color: black;">害处</span>,例如结肠梗阻、肠穿孔等并发症,常有肿瘤处<span style="color: black;">出现</span>急性炎症、充血、水肿、<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、漫性腹膜炎、局限性腹膜炎或局部脓肿、休克等表现。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">直肠癌最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的首发症状是排便时<span style="color: black;">流血</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>直肠癌容易被<span style="color: black;">病人</span>认为是痔疮,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>又并不把痔疮当病看,直肠肿瘤便<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>打着“痔疮”的“旗号”<span style="color: black;">持续</span>“生长壮大”、直至<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>的梗阻症状或身体极度不适、“痔疮”症状加重才<span style="color: black;">看病</span>,但<span style="color: black;">常常</span>这种病例<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>到医院一做直肠指检,<span style="color: black;">已经是</span>直肠癌晚期。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">初期</span>直肠癌<span style="color: black;">详细</span>有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>症状?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">直肠癌整体的治愈率在75%<span style="color: black;">上下</span>,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>分为早、中、晚三期来制定<span style="color: black;">方法</span>进行治疗,<span style="color: black;">初期</span>治疗最快捷,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>最有效,<span style="color: black;">初期</span>5年平均<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率(临床治愈率)为92%;中期5年平均<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率为56%-73%;晚期5年平均<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率为8%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(PS:5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率,<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>经过治疗后五年内,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>再<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>可见的转移灶、复发灶,就视为临床治愈。)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、便血 是所有大肠癌的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状之一,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>不管任何时候的直肠<span style="color: black;">流血</span>,即使<span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">身患</span>痔疮或憩室,都要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>癌肿的可能。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>癌肿所在部位的不同,<span style="color: black;">流血</span>量和性状各不相同,<span style="color: black;">初期</span>多在大便的<span style="color: black;">一边</span>附有少量<span style="color: black;">鲜嫩</span>血痕。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、黑便 <span style="color: black;">因为</span>各段肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">流血</span>在肠道内停留的时间较长,便血的颜色会变暗,以至排出绛紫色或黑紫色的大便。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、排便不畅 但不是单纯的便秘,而是便秘与腹泻交替,常有排不尽的感觉,到肿瘤发展到<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度时会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>排便习惯改变例如时间长、次数多、里急后重等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、“蚯蚓便”及排便<span style="color: black;">病痛</span> 大便<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>变细,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>有时只是排出<span style="color: black;">有些</span>粘液血便,<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<span style="color: black;">大概</span>50%的直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>排便时有<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>感,程度有轻有重。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、晚期则有排便梗阻、消瘦<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>恶病质 例如出现消瘦乏力、腹部不规则包块<span style="color: black;">明显</span>、腹痛、腹胀、呕吐和排气受阻等症状。当肿瘤侵犯膀胱、尿道、阴道等<span style="color: black;">周边</span>脏器时会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>尿路刺激症状、阴道流出粪液、骶部及会阴部<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、下肢水肿等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>预防直肠癌?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结直肠癌的高发年龄为45岁<span style="color: black;">上下</span>,但如今临床上30岁<span style="color: black;">上下</span>的<span style="color: black;">青年</span>结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是频频<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,这很可能跟<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>熬夜、吃夜宵、吸烟、喝酒等不良生活习惯<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,预防结肠癌要做到“<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>膳食、作息正常、适当运动、戒烟限酒、心理平衡、<span style="color: black;">定时</span>体检”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">平时<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>多吃膳食纤维的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>,例如天然的蔬菜、<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>、谷类及豆类。蔬菜中的十字花科蔬菜含丰富抗氧化维生素C及胡萝卜素,可<span style="color: black;">控制</span>致癌物质亚硝胺的合成,此类蔬菜<span style="color: black;">包含</span>花椰菜、西兰花、芥菜、白菜等。而黄色和绿色蔬果中,大都含有丰富类黄酮素,其他如洋葱、苹果皮等<span style="color: black;">食品</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>都含有类黄酮素,多吃<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有助于预防癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最后,小圈再说一个有趣的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>:近期,德国波鸿鲁尔大学最新<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,花香的气味分子<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>结直肠癌细胞生长和转移,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>癌细胞死亡。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">意见</span>人们平时<span style="color: black;">能够</span>多闻闻令人舒适的花香,</p>
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