重磅!新冠疫苗技术竟能抗癌!新型癌症疫苗能缩小肿瘤又预防复发
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">几十年来,癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>免疫疗法的一种形式,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>刺激或恢复人体<span style="color: black;">自己</span>的免疫系统,来防止癌症发展或杀灭现有的肿瘤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">提起mRNA技术可能<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>人感觉到陌生,其实这种技术的初衷是为了<span style="color: black;">开发</span>抗癌疫苗,新冠疫苗<span style="color: black;">便是</span>在<span style="color: black;">开发</span>癌症疫苗过程中的副<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,在<span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">最少</span>有十多款癌症疫苗,BioNTech首席执行官<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,预计将在2022年内看到首个癌症mRNA疫苗上市。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">mRNA技术属于新一代的免疫疗法,其中文意思是“信使核糖核酸”,mRNA是一种天然分子,能向人体细胞发出指令,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>制造靶蛋白或抗原,从而激发出人体的免疫反应。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">用mRNA技术<span style="color: black;">研发</span>肿瘤疫苗的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>,在于很容易能<span style="color: black;">同期</span>表达20个以上的肿瘤抗原,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>格外适用于癌症的个体化治疗,即使是很小的肿瘤样本组织,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>采集到所有的抗原信息,从而定制个性化肿瘤疫苗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">超30%的胃癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有积极<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,肿瘤<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>萎缩消失</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">BionNTech <span style="color: black;">日前</span>有10种mRNA癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">处在</span>不同的<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>,但都是以大致相同的方式制造的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受手术时,会从切除的肿瘤中采集样本并送到 BioNTech 实验室进行分析。肿瘤细胞有自己的遗传<span style="color: black;">暗码</span>——这些<span style="color: black;">暗码</span>因<span style="color: black;">病人</span>而异,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>因癌症类型而异。<span style="color: black;">运用</span>这个代码,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">能够</span>创造合成的 mRNA,刺激蛋白质的产生,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>在肿瘤细胞上<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的蛋白质,从而<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>免疫系统识别和摧毁癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>即使在癌症消失后抗体仍留在<span style="color: black;">身体</span>,<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>应该是持久的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>,BioNTech 癌症疫苗与其他<span style="color: black;">加强</span>免疫的癌症<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">一块</span><span style="color: black;">吃下</span>。Tureci 博士说:“这是一种<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,您基本上<span style="color: black;">能够</span>治疗任何类型的癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">她还<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>道,<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">特别有</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>招募了400多名已接受多次治疗的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,尽管有失败,但均产生了<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span>的免疫反应。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>可喜的是,有超过30%的胃癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>看到了积极的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,癌症<span style="color: black;">持续</span>缩小<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>消失,事实证明,在某些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,癌症疫苗能够防止癌症复发。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">两则癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>真实案例,肿瘤消失<span style="color: black;">或</span>缩小,点燃生的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1 肾癌:切除肾脏9月后复发,采用癌症疫苗后肿瘤缩小37%</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">49岁的Gavin Grove是首批受益的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>之一,他确信<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>疫苗<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>死了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">他曾是一名出租车司机,在2016年因疑似心脏病<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>昏倒后被诊断出<span style="color: black;">身患</span>肾癌。在心脏病房住了12天后,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>才<span style="color: black;">认识</span>到他的<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>肾脏肿瘤脱落的血凝块<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随后,Gavin在医院接受肾脏切除术,不幸的是,9个月后的扫描<span style="color: black;">表示</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">已然</span>复发。他被转介到巴特癌症中心,在那里他被<span style="color: black;">通知</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不接受任何治疗,顶多只能活一年。“即使采用标准疗法,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>只能有两年<span style="color: black;">上下</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>时间“,他<span style="color: black;">没</span>奈道。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2019年,Gavin <span style="color: black;">起始</span>参加mRNA癌症疫苗临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。他在10周内接受了9次疫苗,并每3周接受静脉注射免疫治疗癌症<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“打了一针后,我发烧得非常厉害,不得不被送往医院,”他回忆道。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但在<span style="color: black;">起始</span>治疗18个月后,Gavin的肿瘤缩小了37%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">他仍然每 24 周去医院一次加强疫苗,每3周去一次免疫治疗。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-64732ccb1a8e0df926cbce4f8051d562_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2 膀胱癌:标准治疗失败,肿瘤又转移,采用疫苗治疗后肿瘤完全消失</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">来自 Chingford 的 55 岁的另一名<span style="color: black;">病人</span> Tina Wise 说:“我以前从未听说过癌症疫苗,但我愿意尝试任何事情。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3年前,Tina在<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>尿液中有血后被诊断出<span style="color: black;">身患</span>膀胱癌。在标准治疗失败并且癌症扩散到她的肺部和淋巴结后,她于 2019 年参加了癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">她在10周内打了9针,每4~5个月打一次加强针。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对蒂娜<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,这种转变是<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的。“在我<span style="color: black;">起始</span>治疗后不久,我接到了医院护士的<span style="color: black;">tel</span>。她说,‘天哪,你永远猜不到是什么,’<span style="color: black;">而后</span>我振作起来,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>我以为她会告诉我坏<span style="color: black;">信息</span>。但相反,她告诉我我的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">已然</span>消失了。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>在扫描中看不到任何癌症迹象。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-2ccbfbcc4e74e8e2ed91d2d246a917f6_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症疫苗——免疫新贵,<span style="color: black;">解决</span>癌症的新<span style="color: black;">期盼</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与化疗和放疗相比,癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">一般</span>不会产生严重的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,与直接杀死肿瘤细胞和<span style="color: black;">身体</span>正常快速分裂细胞的化疗和放疗不同,癌症疫苗和其他免疫疗法是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>刺激机体免疫系统而发挥其抗癌<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的,仅针对肿瘤细胞,减少副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了<span style="color: black;">以上</span><span style="color: black;">说到</span>的mRNA癌症疫苗外,<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>首个<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">独一</span>一个<span style="color: black;">得到</span>美国食品和<span style="color: black;">药品</span>管理局<span style="color: black;">准许</span>的癌症治疗疫苗是Provenge(sipuleucel-T),死亡<span style="color: black;">危害</span>降低45%,总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期延长14.5个月,Provenge果然不负众望!这种疫苗<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次实现了利用<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>的免疫系统攻击癌细胞的设想。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-34cd43c5c9b087755de2b68c8cac8703_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">自从Provenge(sipuleucel T)<span style="color: black;">得到</span>FDA<span style="color: black;">准许</span>用于治疗前列腺癌<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,以树突细胞为<span style="color: black;">基本</span>的肿瘤免疫治疗正<span style="color: black;">作为</span>国内外<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的热点之一。<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>有<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">处在</span>不同<span style="color: black;">周期</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">树突细胞疫苗在各大癌症中的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>盘点</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">树突状细胞疫苗<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上早已在动物实验和<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中取得了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>重大突破,其中<span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span>,肾癌,黑色素瘤的树突细胞疫苗<span style="color: black;">开发</span>已进入三期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>,有望上市。<span style="color: black;">没</span>癌家园<span style="color: black;">经过</span>查阅<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的文献资料,特地为<span style="color: black;">大众</span>列举出<span style="color: black;">有些</span>重磅的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1 AV-GBM-1疫苗——胶质母细胞瘤</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2020年4月8日,新型树突细胞疗法AV-GBM-1的II期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>数据<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>此款新型疫苗对延长新诊断的胶质母细胞瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的中期总体<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期展现出<span style="color: black;">极重</span>的<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在接受AV-GBM-1治疗的50例可<span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的15个月的总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率为76%,而对照组的287例接受标准治疗的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的12个月和15个月的总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率分别为61%和48%。这<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,接受AV-GBM-1治疗的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>15个月的总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了28%,疗效格外<span style="color: black;">明显</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">AV-GBM-1是一种<span style="color: black;">病人</span>自体的特异性树突状细胞疫苗,这种疗法理论上适用于所有的实体肿瘤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2 肾癌——ilixadencel疫苗</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">ilixadencel(伊利沙定)是一款同种异体树突状细胞疫苗。<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>,ilixadencel联合靶向抗癌药舒尼替尼一线治疗新诊断的晚期转移性肾细胞癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,与单独采用舒尼替尼治疗的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>相比,总缓解率<span style="color: black;">加强</span>一倍,完全缓解率更高,缓解更加持久!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其数据格外亮眼!<span style="color: black;">截止</span>2020年8月的最新数据,</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">ilixadencel组的中位总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期尚未达到(vs 25.3个月),存活<span style="color: black;">病人</span>比例为43%,高于对照组的33%。且在随访中,ilixadencel组的5例完全缓解者仍然存活!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">值得庆祝的是,2020年5月,FDA授予了ilixadencel再生医学先进疗法(RMAT)资格。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3 黑色素瘤——TLPLDC疫苗</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在2020年ASCO-SITC临床免疫肿瘤学会议上<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>了TLPLDC疫苗治疗黑色素瘤IIb期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的亚组分析结果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在遵循临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>(PT)人群分析中,与安慰机组相比,TLPLDC治疗组24个月<span style="color: black;">没</span>病<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>(62.9% vs 34.8%),<span style="color: black;">显示</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>复发的相对<span style="color: black;">危害</span>降低了近50%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">留意</span>向性治疗(ITT)人群分析中,TLPLDC治疗组和安慰剂组在24个月总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率(OS)的改善趋势更强(86.4% vs 75.1%)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4 卵巢癌、肺癌、 <span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span>、淋巴瘤、乳腺癌等树突细胞疫苗</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除此之外,还有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>癌种的树突细胞疫苗格外引人注目。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如卵巢癌DCVAC/OvCA疫苗,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>使晚期复发的卵巢癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期延长一年多,且将卵巢癌二线治疗的死亡<span style="color: black;">危害</span>降低了62%,总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期<span style="color: black;">明显</span>延长13.4个月,中位数<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期延长了1.8个月。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如肺癌CCL21-树突疫苗,在接种的第56天,25%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>病情稳定(肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">体积</span>不<span style="color: black;">增多</span>或减少)。在54%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,CD8细胞浸润于肿瘤中,在接种疫苗后<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的PD-L1表达<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>,<span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span>DCVax-L疫苗、淋巴瘤树突细胞疫苗、乳腺癌Her2脉冲树突细胞疫苗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>都有不同程度的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">博主</span>有话说</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">据肿瘤学家的疫苗临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>来看,肿瘤疫苗有可能终结一刀切的治疗方式,<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着“化疗的结束”。虽然距离上市还有一段时间,但<span style="color: black;">已然</span>证明这种疫苗<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有效在<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>产生肿瘤细胞的抗体,这是非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的一步。若想寻求国内外治疗新技术<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>先将病历提交至<span style="color: black;">没</span>癌家园医学部进行初步<span style="color: black;">评定</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">博主</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>相信,随着<span style="color: black;">各样</span>新型抗癌<span style="color: black;">药品</span>、抗癌技术的<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>,被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“绝症”的晚期癌症将会变为一种慢性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,从<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上改变对癌症治疗的观念。<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>癌症疫苗将会在癌症治疗方面发挥<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>,离<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>让肿瘤君滚蛋的梦想<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就越来越近。</p>
“BS”(鄙视的缩写)
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