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1950年，英国数学家阿兰·图灵提出了一个测试，以确定一台设备是不是能够被叫作为智能。一个人坐在一个房间里，向第二个房间里的另一个人和第三个房间里的一台电脑提问。倘若第1个房间里的人没法判断自己是在与人类还是设备交流，那样这台计算机就经过了所说的图灵测试。
人们对这一测试的有效性仍保持可疑。在一个著名的思想实验中，一个人坐在一个房间里，房间外的人经过门缝将以中文表述的问题卡片塞入门内。屋内的人并不懂中文，但只要让他遵循一套指令，他仍然能够把正确的回答卡片塞给门外。因此呢，房间外的人没法判断出他不是一个以中文为母语的人。结论显示，即使计算机能够给出正确的答案，它们仍然不可能作为有认识的、聪明的头脑。
In 1950, the English mathematician Alan Turing suggested a test to establish whether a machine could be called intelligent. A human sitting in one room asks questions of another human in a second room, and of a computer in a third room. If the human in the first room cannot judge whether he or she is talking to a human or a machine, then the computer has passed the so-called Turing test.
Doubts have been cast on the validity of this test. In a famous thought experiment, a man sits in a room while people outside the room slide questions in Chinese under the door. The man does not understand Chinese, but follows a set of instructions that tell him what pieces of paper to push back under the door. As a result, people outside the room cannot tell that he is not a native Chinese speaker. The conclusion is that even when computers can be made to give the right answers, they still can not ever be conscious, intelligent minds.
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发表于 2024-7-1 11:01:20