体检报告上的肿瘤指标怎么看?协和医院医生来教你
<span style="color: black;">4月15日—21日是第30个全国肿瘤防治宣传周,今年的主题是“综合施策 科学防癌”,旨在倡导<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人做自己健康的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>责任人,正确认识癌症、积极防控癌症,<span style="color: black;">提高</span>全社会癌症防控<span style="color: black;">认识</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>体检套餐里<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的<span style="color: black;">构成</span>部分,血清肿瘤标记的检测物,是<span style="color: black;">没</span>创伤且最为<span style="color: black;">公众</span>熟知的癌症筛查的一种方式。<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的肿瘤标记物检测有什么<span style="color: black;">道理</span>?指标<span style="color: black;">反常</span>该怎么办?</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/Yz8nJIKO3p37pRxS1J04TMp9kx4LVq1pKDwoLhic5X2vVKIG1icEBFObHMlF69P0k6s9boPd8hk4bIS9a0icHt81w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">肿瘤标记物<span style="color: black;">反常</span>不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>得了肿瘤</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;">肿瘤标记物指的是特征性存在于恶性肿瘤细胞,或由肿瘤细胞代谢产生的物质,还<span style="color: black;">包含</span>宿主对肿瘤的刺激反应而产生的物质。<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>肿瘤标记物是细胞的代谢产物,除了肿瘤细胞外,身体处在炎症或良性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能分泌<span style="color: black;">或</span>产生某些代谢产物。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,肿瘤标记物<span style="color: black;">升高</span>不<span style="color: black;">表率</span>一定存在肿瘤,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的肿瘤标记物<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能完全正常。</strong></span></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">手术或活检病理是肿瘤确诊金标准</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>体检<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肿瘤标记物<span style="color: black;">升高</span>,体检<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>会作出提示,<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>到医院肿瘤科就诊。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>健康人群,肿瘤标记物<span style="color: black;">通常</span>应该在正常范围内,即使偶有轻度<span style="color: black;">升高</span>,<span style="color: black;">升高</span>幅度不会很大,<span style="color: black;">此时</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>复查和监测进一步判断。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肿瘤标记物越来越高,应进一步<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,肿瘤标记物的<span style="color: black;">升高</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>起到<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>监测肿瘤复发和<span style="color: black;">评定</span>疗效的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">肿瘤标记物本身并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>确诊肿瘤,确诊则<span style="color: black;">必须</span>手术病理或活检病理。肿瘤标记物<span style="color: black;">上升</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">注意</span>但<span style="color: black;">不必</span>恐慌,</strong></span><span style="color: black;">遵循</span>肿瘤专科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的意见,后续进行随访观察或进一步的诊断,<span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>,<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">肿瘤的规范化筛查最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">比肿瘤标记物<span style="color: black;">上升</span>更<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的,是肿瘤的规范化筛查。肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>,</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是40周岁以上人群要进行相应的筛查。</span><span style="color: black;">例如针对胃肠癌,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>40周岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>做<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次胃肠镜,筛查有<span style="color: black;">无</span>胃肠道息肉<span style="color: black;">或</span>溃疡;针对肺癌,2至3年一次的胸部高分辨CT筛查<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>;与性别<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的女性乳腺癌和妇科肿瘤,<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>年度乳腺彩超和妇科彩超进行筛查;男性的前列腺癌<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>前列腺彩超加以筛查。完善这一系列的早癌筛查,能最大程度实现癌症早筛早诊早治。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的肿瘤标记物</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">CEA(癌胚抗原):</strong></span><span style="color: black;">正常值范围 0—5.0 ng/mL(纳克/毫升),CEA<span style="color: black;">上升</span>可见于肺腺癌、大肠癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌等。CEA<span style="color: black;">上升</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>可见于良性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,如胃炎、消化性溃疡、肝脏<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、慢性阻塞性肺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、糖尿病,以及任何急性或慢性炎症状态。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">CA199(糖蛋白性癌抗原199):</span></strong>正常值范围0—34 U/mL(单位/毫升),是胰腺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、胆囊癌的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>标志物。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">CA125(糖蛋白性癌抗原125):</strong></span><span style="color: black;">正常值范围:0—35 U/mL,CA125是卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌的首选标志物,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>在非小细胞肺癌中阳性率高,在胸腔积液、腹腔积液的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中均可有<span style="color: black;">升高</span>。轻度<span style="color: black;">上升</span>可见于多种良性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,如卵巢肿瘤、子宫肌瘤、宫颈炎、肝硬化、肝炎等。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">CA153(糖蛋白性癌抗原153):</strong></span><span style="color: black;">正常值范围:0—25 U/mL,是乳腺癌诊断、术后随访和转移复发的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>指标之一。在肺癌、结肠癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、原发性肝癌中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可见<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">AFP(甲胎蛋白):</strong></span><span style="color: black;">正常值范围:0—20 ng/mL,血清定量测定 AFP > 400 ng/mL <span style="color: black;">连续</span>4周,或是 AFP > 200 ng/mL <span style="color: black;">连续</span>8周,可诊断为原发性肝癌。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>活动性肝病、生殖系统肿瘤和妊娠<span style="color: black;">亦</span>存在AFP<span style="color: black;">升高</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">SccAg(鳞状细胞癌抗原):</strong></span><span style="color: black;">正常值范围:0—2.7 ng/ml,是鳞状细胞癌的肿瘤标志物,可用于宫颈癌、肺鳞癌、食管癌、头颈部肿瘤的辅助诊断、治疗观察和复发监测。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">NSE(神经元特异性烯醇化酶):</strong></span><span style="color: black;">正常值范围:0—16.3 ng/mL,是小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的肿瘤标志物,在神经内分泌癌、甲状腺髓样癌、嗜铬细胞瘤、神经母细胞瘤等肿瘤中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">Cfra211(细胞角质素片段抗原21-1):</strong></span><span style="color: black;">正常值范围:0—3.5 ng/mL,是非小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">关联</span>抗原,对肺鳞癌的<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性较高,但在头颈部、乳腺、宫颈、消化道肿瘤均有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的阳性率,炎症<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>其<span style="color: black;">升高</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">说明:本文中的正常值范围均为北京协和医院检验科的正常范围数值,<span style="color: black;">区别</span>医疗检测<span style="color: black;">公司</span>间可能存在差异。</strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:科普时报</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图源:视觉中国</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">作者:张智旸 王颖轶(作者张智旸系北京协和医院肿瘤内科主治医师,王颖轶系北京协和医院肿瘤内科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">编辑:吴桐</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">审核:王飞</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">终审:尹传红</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">据述</span>点“在看”的都会更好看 <img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_gif/Yz8nJIKO3p37pRxS1J04TMp9kx4LVq1pVTCU2wZwicibm5pby1icclibYd0aWXC27RZGrh1n8eIZKNRwTrqhN0ySeQ/640?wx_fmt=gif&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></strong></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/Yz8nJIKO3p37pRxS1J04TMp9kx4LVq1phCmoDCFL7ts2wPAXWk7wNoz0TH0DxmsGEQuLL7YL84FIibjLu7FRiang/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
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