静脉曲张怎么治疗效果最好#陕西冶金医院血管外科
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下肢静脉曲张是<span style="color: black;">周边</span>血管<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>中最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>表现是:患肢浅静脉迂曲扩张、隆起成团,站立时曲张的静脉更为<span style="color: black;">显著</span>。多有家族史,多见于<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>从事站立工作及活动出汗后洗冷水澡者,病史多在10年以上。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">发病机理</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从发病机理来看,静脉曲张的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>多由先天性静脉壁薄弱和静脉瓣膜<span style="color: black;">生长</span>不良或缺失,瓣膜<span style="color: black;">不可</span>正常的关闭,或静脉壁薄弱<span style="color: black;">不可</span>正常地承受静脉内的压力而极度扩张,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>下肢静脉瓣膜相对性的关闭不全,关闭不全的静脉瓣膜以远静脉压力进一步<span style="color: black;">升高</span>,久而久之<span style="color: black;">引起</span>远段静脉扩张、伸延、迂曲,静脉血液瘀滞,静脉壁弹力纤维破坏而发病。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">临床表现</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、浅表静脉迂曲扩张,以小腿部较为严重,严重时浅静脉破裂后可<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、患肢<span style="color: black;">显现</span>酸胀<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>感,会在活动<span style="color: black;">疲劳</span>后及午后、夜间加重,可伴有小腿发热,肤温高等不适,严重时可<span style="color: black;">出现</span>血栓性浅静脉炎、淤积性皮炎、下肢淋巴管炎及急性蜂窝织炎等并发症,后期会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>慢性溃疡,<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">很难</span>愈合。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">静脉曲张<span style="color: black;">归类</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">0级:<span style="color: black;">没</span>可见或触及的静脉<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>体征</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1级:有毛细血管扩张、网状静脉、踝部潮红</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2级:有静脉曲张表现</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3级:有水肿但<span style="color: black;">没</span>静脉<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>引起的皮肤改变</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4级:有静脉<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的皮肤改变,如色素沉着、湿疹和皮肤硬化</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5级:有静脉<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的皮肤改变和已愈合的溃疡</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6级:有静脉<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的皮肤改变和正<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>的溃疡</p>
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<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">肢体<span style="color: black;">检测</span></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>是下肢局部的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>肤温、肤色、皮肤营养<span style="color: black;">状况</span>、浅静脉曲张程度,有<span style="color: black;">没</span>血栓性浅静脉炎、溃疡等,以及深静脉通畅<span style="color: black;">实验</span>和下肢静脉瓣功能<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>和造影<span style="color: black;">检测</span></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在临床上行下肢血管超声是确诊静脉曲张最常用的<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>,不仅<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>隐-股-或隐-腘静脉瓣膜的<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>静脉反流的程度,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>判断深静脉<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>通畅和<span style="color: black;">认识</span>深静脉瓣膜的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">体积</span>隐静脉扩张程度和反流时间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">静脉造影是判断下肢静脉曲张的金标准,可<span style="color: black;">表示</span>隐-股静脉瓣膜关闭不全及程度,从而<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>可以对<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>进行全面的<span style="color: black;">评估</span>。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">保守治疗</strong>:(<span style="color: black;">包含</span>非<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗和<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗):非<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有卧床<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>、抬高患肢、穿医用弹力袜、缠缚医用弹力绷带、空气压力波治疗等。<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有迈之灵、地奥司明等。<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">协同</span>中医进行辨证分析,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>个人体质<span style="color: black;">运用</span>中药预防、改善和治疗静脉曲张。中医外治可<span style="color: black;">运用</span>中药熏洗、中药封包、中药换药等中医<span style="color: black;">特殊</span>治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">手术治疗</strong>:手术治疗有大隐静脉剥脱术、静脉腔内激光闭合术、<span style="color: black;">泡泡</span>硬化剂注射治疗等。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">预防静脉曲张</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>清淡,避免<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">吃下</span>辛辣<span style="color: black;">食品</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.避免久坐久站、跷二郎腿等不良生活习惯;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>站立人群<span style="color: black;">意见</span>穿戴医用弹力袜,促进静脉回流;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.适当运动,如慢跑,坐立时勾脚踝等动作加速肌肉泵收缩促进静脉回流。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下肢静脉曲张发病率较高,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>存在下肢静脉曲张症状,不必慌张焦虑,可<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">以上</span>描述<span style="color: black;">认识</span>静脉曲张从而进行自我防治,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>症状未得到改善,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>尽早至医院进行专科治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">血管外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>提醒:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">陕西冶金医院血管外科王玉德<span style="color: black;">专家</span>讲,下肢静脉曲张这一<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>犹如“温水煮蛙”,刚<span style="color: black;">起始</span>起病时,仅表现为下肢浅静脉的扩张、隆起和迂曲,<span style="color: black;">没</span>红肿热痛等不适,并不<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">注意</span>和到医院就诊。随着时间的延长,静脉曲张越来越<span style="color: black;">显著</span>,若不治疗,听之任之,到晚期就会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>瘙痒、湿疹、糜烂、溃疡等而变成“老烂腿”为时已晚。<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>对血管<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>足够的<span style="color: black;">注意</span>,早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,早<span style="color: black;">看病</span>。<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>该<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>时,<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">即时</span>进行有效治疗<span style="color: black;">以避免</span>因延误病情,<span style="color: black;">显现</span>溃疡及其他并发症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">专家简介</strong></p>
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