糖尿病初期症状有什么？
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">众所周知，糖尿病的典型症状是“三多一少”( 多食、多饮、<span style="color: black;">尿多</span>和体重减轻)，然而，糖尿病并非全是这幅“模样”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">据统计，有近一半的糖友症状不典型，许多<span style="color: black;">病人</span>以并发症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>症状为<span style="color: black;">明显</span>表现，尤其在老年<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>，糖尿病<span style="color: black;">初期</span>有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>易被忽略的“蛛丝马迹”?又有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>鲜为人知的“非典型症状”呢?存在这17种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，需警惕糖尿病。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.餐前低血糖</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在2型糖尿病<span style="color: black;">初期</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>胰岛素分泌高峰延迟，当餐后血糖升至高峰时，胰岛素分泌尚未达到峰值，等到血糖回落时，胰岛素分泌才达高峰，从而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>下一餐前低血糖，<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>在餐前有<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的饥饿感，<span style="color: black;">显现</span>“餐前低血糖”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.乏力、消瘦</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">糖尿病人<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>胰岛素缺乏和/或胰岛素抵抗，致使葡萄糖<span style="color: black;">不可</span>被机体充分利用，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>产能不足，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>身体疲乏<span style="color: black;">没</span>力。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一方面，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>机体蛋白质分解加速，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>体重<span style="color: black;">常常</span>有<span style="color: black;">显著</span>下降。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">3.脖颈、胳肢窝发黑</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在某些重度<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>者的颈部、腋窝、大腿根等处常常会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>皮肤黢黑，怎么洗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>去不掉，临床谓之“黑棘皮症”，提示<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有严重的“胰岛素抵抗”及“高胰岛素血症”。“黑棘皮症”<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是2型糖尿病的一个<span style="color: black;">初期</span>表现。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">4.生过“巨大儿”的女性</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">女性在怀孕<span style="color: black;">时期</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>血糖偏高，胎儿在这种高糖环境下生长<span style="color: black;">生长</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span>快，出生时体重<span style="color: black;">常常</span>在8斤以上，被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“巨大儿”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，凡是有巨大儿分娩史的女性，均属于糖尿病的高危人群，应<span style="color: black;">定时</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>血糖。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">5.视物模糊</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>高血糖可<span style="color: black;">导致</span>晶状体<span style="color: black;">增多</span>水分含量，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>光反射变化，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>一过性地看东西模糊、视力下降等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">6.胃肠道不适</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">糖尿病性植物神经病变常可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>胃肠道功能<span style="color: black;">错乱</span>，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>常表现为腹胀、摄食量少或顽固性便秘，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">少许</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>表现为慢性腹泻，或腹泻与便秘交替。这类<span style="color: black;">病人</span>腹泻并不是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>感染，抗生素治疗<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>效。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">7.排尿困难及尿潴留</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">高血糖可损害<span style="color: black;">安排</span>膀胱的植物神经，影响膀胱的收缩及排空，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>表现为小便困难、尿潴留及“张力性尿失禁”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当男性<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">以上</span>症状时，不仅<span style="color: black;">想要</span>到前列腺肥大，还要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>排除糖尿病。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">8.<span style="color: black;">反常</span>出汗</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">糖尿病<span style="color: black;">导致</span>植物神经病变时，可<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>汗液分泌<span style="color: black;">反常</span>，即便天气不热(尤其是吃饭时)<span style="color: black;">亦</span>常常大汗淋漓，特点是上半身出汗多，下半身出汗少或不出汗。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q1.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240329/ada1f87621724908979b008109e1f5fe.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">9.直立性低血压</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">糖尿病性植物神经病变可<span style="color: black;">导致</span>血管收缩功能<span style="color: black;">反常</span>，当<span style="color: black;">病人</span>久坐、久卧后<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>站立时，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>血管<span style="color: black;">不可</span>反射性收缩，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>血压下降而<span style="color: black;">导致</span>一过性脑缺血，<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">头昏</span>、眼花<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>晕厥。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">10.性功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">糖尿病可损害植物神经并<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">周边</span>血管病变，从而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>男性性功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>(即“阳痿”)。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">据调查，男性糖尿<span style="color: black;">病人</span>合并不同程度勃起功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>的约占50%<span style="color: black;">上下</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，中年男性性功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>，要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>化验血糖，排除糖尿病。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">11.手足麻木</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">糖尿病可<span style="color: black;">导致</span>末梢神经炎，表现为对<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>性的手足麻木、<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、灼热、感觉<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>或消失，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有人会产生走路如踩棉花的感觉。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>，有<span style="color: black;">原由</span>不明的手足麻木者，应<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>血糖。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">12.皮肤(或外阴)瘙痒</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">高血糖可刺激皮肤神经末梢，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>皮肤及外阴瘙痒(尤其是女性)，让人<span style="color: black;">坐卧不安</span>，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，有<span style="color: black;">以上</span>症状者应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>排除糖尿病。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">13.皮肤反复“生疖长疮”</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">高糖环境有利于病菌滋生，加之糖尿病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>免疫力下降，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，病人容易<span style="color: black;">出现</span>皮肤、泌尿生殖道、<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>道等部位感染。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>，皮肤反复生疖长疮、经常尿路感染的人，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要<span style="color: black;">检测</span>血糖，排除糖尿病。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">14.伤口久不愈合</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>糖尿病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>存在外周血管病变，使得伤口<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织的血供较差，加之<span style="color: black;">病人</span>营养物质丢失严重，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，一旦受伤或手术，伤口<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">很难</span>愈合。对伤口久不愈合者，<span style="color: black;">必定</span>别忘了<span style="color: black;">检测</span>血糖。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">15.自发性皮肤水疱</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“糖代谢<span style="color: black;">反常</span>”<span style="color: black;">引起</span>皮肤营养<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>和微血管损害，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>“糖尿病性水疱”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">水疱好发于指、趾、手足的背部，疱液清亮，颇似烫伤水疱，区别是这种水疱<span style="color: black;">周边</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>炎性红晕，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>不痛。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">糖尿病性水疱<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">忽然</span>，可自愈，但反复<span style="color: black;">显现</span>。故反复<span style="color: black;">出现</span>这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>的人，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>应查血糖。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">16.牙龈发炎及牙齿松动</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">高血糖可<span style="color: black;">导致</span>口腔黏膜感染及牙周炎。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>高血糖可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>牙槽骨骨质疏松，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>牙齿松动<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>脱落。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">17.“<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性”心梗</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>存在感觉神经病变，糖尿病人<span style="color: black;">出现</span>急性心肌梗塞时，<span style="color: black;">大概</span>1/3的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的感觉。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>排查糖尿病。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">糖尿病分型<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">糖尿病是一种“异质性”非常<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，临床分为1型、2型等许多类型，不同类型的糖尿病，其病因、发病机制、治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>以及预后等都不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>确诊了糖尿病之后，还要对糖尿病进行分型，以便给<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">精细</span>施治并预测其<span style="color: black;">将来</span>转归，<span style="color: black;">此时</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>会<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行<span style="color: black;">有些</span>其他<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>胰岛素抗体检测等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">忽略</span>糖尿病分型，把不典型的“1.5型糖尿病”当成“2型糖尿病”治疗，就会延误病情，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>酿成严重后果。</span></p>
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