课题申报 | 2023年申报课题,意见先瞧瞧这份攻略!(内含15份立项申报书范本)
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/CPUXrLNyJMHQMGLibOhtic8a1Da4Fkozo8jbksxhgAzRdEf2xyFWpFL2oY7XQudcfJupGZiazHDicQZo0gpDLKkNicw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/CPUXrLNyJMEAn2ElJaqb97VrGMMVbPSufMA8pYic9EtXjCYN0sQllheAt3ibic7gX5xofG3hnvnX6KHhskd3dPibQw/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><strong style="color: blue;">课题申报</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">课题,是人们从事<span style="color: black;">科研</span>前人或<span style="color: black;">同期</span>代的人还未认识或<span style="color: black;">处理</span>的问题,它<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>较为单一而又独立的特征。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">项目,<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>事物分成的门类<span style="color: black;">或</span>说<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>若干个彼此有联系的课题所<span style="color: black;">构成</span>的一个较为<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的、带有综合性的<span style="color: black;">研究</span>问题。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">课题与项目既有区别又有联系,一方面,课题是科学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的最基本单元,课题的有机组合形成项目;另一方面,课题与项目的划分标准<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是相对而言的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">对某一个<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者或<span style="color: black;">科研</span>群体<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>从单个的课题入手,<span style="color: black;">持续</span>深入,形成系列的课题,从而<span style="color: black;">构成</span>项目,<span style="color: black;">或</span>承担一个项目后,分成若干个课题逐一进行<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>取得<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的突破。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>申报项目?</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>提前<span style="color: black;">认识</span>项目申报的信息</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>写出立项的课题申报书?</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.关注、搜集政府<span style="color: black;">分部</span>网站信息(发改委、科委、经信委、商委等),国家级到区县级都要关注,做成信息简报,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>:<span style="color: black;">源自</span>网站、发布日、链接、截止日等信息。<span style="color: black;">这般</span>做<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有两个目的:一是<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>信息;第二是每年项目申报季节都差不多,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>为明年的申报工作提前做计划。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.加入行业协会<span style="color: black;">或</span>联盟,那里<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有信息<span style="color: black;">源自</span>,有时候<span style="color: black;">能够</span>联合申报项目与科技<span style="color: black;">分部</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>人员建立良好关系,<span style="color: black;">第1</span>时间得到<span style="color: black;">信息</span>,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>能在网站更新之前得到信息,及早准备有的行业龙头企业<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在政府立项之前影响指南所指向的<span style="color: black;">行业</span>,这需要企业高层去攻关了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>项目可行性初步判定,由<span style="color: black;">分部</span>主管领导来定,报还是不报</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>决定报之后,就要先<span style="color: black;">认识</span>项目指南,把所有要准备的资料列好<span style="color: black;">名单</span>,召集<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">分部</span>开会协调工作内容和时间,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,查新、<span style="color: black;">开发</span>专项审计、报价单等工作要提前,项目预算要<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>贴近真实。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>准备资料、送审。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">5、</span>关注<span style="color: black;">关联</span>网站看公示。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">6、</span>没成功就要<span style="color: black;">认识</span>失败的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,认真总结,归档资料。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">7、</span>申报成功——立项——开<span style="color: black;">起步</span>会——跟<span style="color: black;">研究</span>和财务<span style="color: black;">分部</span>沟通工作细节,<span style="color: black;">即时</span>划归财务数据和<span style="color: black;">研究</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>中期报告等。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">8、</span>项目验收——<span style="color: black;">研究</span>和财务准备审计材料。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">9、</span>结题——奖励<span style="color: black;">关联</span>人员——归档资料。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>申报<span style="color: black;">研究</span>课题?</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">1、<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>课题?</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">课题的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>不是空想出来的,自己主观想什么样的课题好,什么课题能被评上。这是押宝式的选题,很难评上。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">申报课题应有三个<span style="color: black;">要求</span>:</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">,</span><span style="color: black;">你对申报的课题<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>或正在<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的课题,应有前期成果。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在评审时是先看申报者<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有前期成果。这是一个很重要的<span style="color: black;">要求</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">除了自己的前期成果外,还应<span style="color: black;">认识</span>国内对这个<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>。如华中师范大学农村问题<span style="color: black;">科研</span>基地,把国内<span style="color: black;">发布</span>的<span style="color: black;">相关</span>农村问题的<span style="color: black;">文案</span><span style="color: black;">所有</span>收集起来,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>把这些<span style="color: black;">文案</span>按内容分成几类,<span style="color: black;">把握</span>这些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,对申报这个<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的课题非常有利。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第二</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">,对申报的课题有实地调查的资料,或总结人民群众创造的经验资料。<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说,申报的课题要有特点,<span style="color: black;">无</span>实地调查的资料就<span style="color: black;">无</span>特点,如湖北省一个单位申报的一个课题:《山区乡镇政权建设<span style="color: black;">科研</span>》,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>除调查了湖北省山区的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>外,又调查了四川、湖南、江西等省的山区的乡镇政府<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,有这些<span style="color: black;">实质</span>资料,谁<span style="color: black;">亦</span>拿不到,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>这个单位<span style="color: black;">才可</span>拿到,这就说明有特点,必须批。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">西北师范大学王宗礼申报的《西北地区<span style="color: black;">少许</span>民族政治<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>),他把西北牧民的政治观念、<span style="color: black;">认识</span>资料<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">把握</span>了,就评上了。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,广东中山大学及<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">教育</span><span style="color: black;">研究</span>单位<span style="color: black;">相关</span>“珠江三角洲”各个方面的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>;江苏省的<span style="color: black;">教育</span><span style="color: black;">研究</span>单位关于“苏南模式”的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>等课题都容易被评上。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这些都说明,申报课题,要有<span style="color: black;">实质</span>调查。到<span style="color: black;">实质</span>中去,有<span style="color: black;">实质</span>调查的资料<span style="color: black;">才可</span>申报出你所报课题的特点,否则你的课题就<span style="color: black;">不可</span>打动人。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第三,</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">申报的课题要符合“课题指南”的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。当然不是说,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>申报课题,要用“课题指南”题目<span style="color: black;">做为</span>课题,而是说,申报的课题要符合“课题指南”的范围。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">全国社科基金是每年制定一次指南,教育部的课题是<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>五年规划,<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>各学科学者制定五年规划的咨询报告,提出五年内各学科应<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的主要问题。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>必须符合“课题指南”的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>呢?<span style="color: black;">由于</span>,“课题指南”所提出的题目都是当前需要<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>理论问题和现实中的重要问题。<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是重点课题是国家急需<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的问题。如<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>政治学科提出的“行政体制改革”问题,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>,十一届三中全会<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,我国进行过几次行政<span style="color: black;">公司</span>改革,但哪次<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不彻底。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是<span style="color: black;">无</span>正确的符合国情的行政体制改革的理论做<span style="color: black;">指点</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>申报的项目<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要不脱离指南,不是说必须和指南上的一模<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要围绕指南来选题。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2、课题论证</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">课题论证非常重要,论证好坏是决定你能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>被评上的前提<span style="color: black;">要求</span>。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>,<span style="color: black;">一样</span>课题申报者有几家<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>几十家,哪个能评上,<span style="color: black;">那些</span>评不上,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>看论证:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>论证?<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>看论证的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>几点:</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>:你为什么要<span style="color: black;">科研</span>这个课题;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第二:你所<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的课题,<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span>什么问题;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第三:<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>问题的难点是什么,<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span>,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>突破;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第四:前期成果。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,在论证的时候<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>周到,能让评委很清晰地<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>你这个课题所要<span style="color: black;">处理</span>的是什么,难点是什么,<span style="color: black;">显示</span>你<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">3、课题<span style="color: black;">构成</span>员</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">课题<span style="color: black;">构成</span>员的材料是衡量课题<span style="color: black;">构成</span>员的水平能否完成课题任务。有过这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,课题组<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>申报者一个人,<span style="color: black;">或</span>成员水平不高而被拿掉。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>对课题<span style="color: black;">构成</span>员<span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">注重</span>?<span style="color: black;">由于</span>当前的课题<span style="color: black;">科研</span>应当是集体<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,一个人或两三个人,很难<span style="color: black;">科研</span>出精品的。<span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>合作,互相讨论,发挥集体智慧<span style="color: black;">才可</span>出精品。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">如<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>组织几位博士<span style="color: black;">科研</span>符合中国国情的公共管理理论。经过初步合作讨论,都觉得收获很大。一个人单独<span style="color: black;">科研</span>是不行的。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>曾经碰到过这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,论证得非常好,课题<span style="color: black;">构成</span>员仅一两个人被拿掉的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">课题<span style="color: black;">构成</span>员要很好地搭配:</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span>问题的课题,成员中除理论工作者外,应<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span><span style="color: black;">分部</span>的工作人员,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>便于调查。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span>理论的课题,成员中应有这方面造诣较高的教授,还要有从事这<span style="color: black;">行业</span>理论<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>博士学位的青年学者。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">最后,讲一下教师的课题观念问题。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>要树立课题观念。我是经常到国内<span style="color: black;">有些</span>学校去,遇到<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>教师同我<span style="color: black;">交流</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>谈<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>做什么课题。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有的是国家、教育部或省、市被评上的课题,<span style="color: black;">都数</span>是在从事自己学科<span style="color: black;">行业</span>自立的课题,无论问哪位教师,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是青年教师,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>都有课题,课题观念很强。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>文科教师要<span style="color: black;">加强</span>课题观念。把课题<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>一项重要职责,这对有国家、教育部或省、市课题的教师完成课题是必要的;对<span style="color: black;">无</span>课题的教师,应自立课题,这对今后申报课题是重要的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>,还应认识到教师进行课题<span style="color: black;">科研</span>是<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">研究</span>能力的重要途径,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">教育</span>质量、<span style="color: black;">指点</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>生所需要的。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>教师自己<span style="color: black;">无</span>进行过课题<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,怎么会<span style="color: black;">指点</span>好<span style="color: black;">科研</span>生?<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,我衷心<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>文科教师<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是青年教师,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>课题观念,多拿课题,多做课题,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>课题进行<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,推动<span style="color: black;">教育</span>与<span style="color: black;">研究</span>工作的发展。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">课题与<span style="color: black;">研究</span>项目常用的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>老师在申报课题时,对<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>的名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>写得不规范,故发如下内容以供参考:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>不出“硬伤” :</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.常用的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>有文献<span style="color: black;">科研</span>法、教育观察法、经验总结法、个案<span style="color: black;">科研</span>法、行动<span style="color: black;">科研</span>法、实验<span style="color: black;">科研</span>法、历史<span style="color: black;">科研</span>法、调查<span style="color: black;">科研</span>法、比较<span style="color: black;">科研</span>法、叙事<span style="color: black;">科研</span>法等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.<span style="color: black;">科研</span>类型或途径、或某种提法口号不等于<span style="color: black;">详细</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>。如实证<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,调查<span style="color: black;">科研</span>、理论<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>与<span style="color: black;">详细</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>并列;理论联系<span style="color: black;">实质</span>、以点带面、上下结合等不是<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3.准确把握每种<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>的概念特征、<span style="color: black;">过程</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">文献<span style="color: black;">科研</span>法</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.概念特征:<span style="color: black;">重点</span>指围绕某个教育问题,搜集、鉴别、整理<span style="color: black;">关联</span>文献,并<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对文献的阅读与<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,形成对教育问题及其事实的科学认识的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">途径</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1)书籍;2)报刊;3)档案(含文件);4)非文字资料(<span style="color: black;">照片</span>、音像、实物、歌曲等);5)网络数据库,如,中国国家图书馆:http://opac.nlc.gov.cn;北京大学图书馆:http://www.lib.pku.edu.cn;湖南师范大学图书馆:http://lib.hunnu.edu.cn;中国期刊网:http://www.cnki.net;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.查阅核心:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1)<span style="color: black;">表率</span>著作和论文;2)<span style="color: black;">科研</span>问题的程度和<span style="color: black;">重点</span>观点;3)存在的不足或有待进一步<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的问题。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.成果形式:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">文献综述、<span style="color: black;">科研</span>述评或<span style="color: black;">科研</span>背景等。。。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">教育观察法</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.概念特征:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>主持人有目的、有计划地<span style="color: black;">经过</span>感官和辅助工具,对<span style="color: black;">处在</span>自然状态下的教育现象进行系统观察,从而<span style="color: black;">得到</span>关于某一事物<span style="color: black;">或</span>问题的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>手资料,并得出分析结果的一种<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">过程</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">①<span style="color: black;">知道</span>观察目的;②编制观察量表;③组建观察团队;④实施观察过程;⑤整理观察材料;⑥分析观察结果;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.案例描述:观察目的、过程描述、观察数据表、事实描述、结论分析;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.成果形式:观察日记、观察笔记、观察报告;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">个案<span style="color: black;">科研</span>法</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.概念特征:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">是对单一的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>对象(<span style="color: black;">能够</span>是个人<span style="color: black;">或</span>团体<span style="color: black;">公司</span>)进行深入而<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>的一种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“解剖麻雀法”和“个案<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>法”,其特征是个案的典型性、深入性、全面性。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">归类</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1)<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>法:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">确定<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>的课题、实施<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>、整理和分析资料、提出改进意见。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2)追因法:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">确定问题、假设<span style="color: black;">原由</span>、设置对比、数据检验、结果分析。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3)<span style="color: black;">制品</span>分析法:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>分析学生的活动<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,如,日记、作文、书信、作业、自传、绘画、特长等,以<span style="color: black;">认识</span>学生的能力、倾向、技能、知识、情感等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">过程</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">①确定<span style="color: black;">科研</span>对象;②搜集个案资料;③分析个案资料;④实施个案<span style="color: black;">指点</span>;⑤<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span><span style="color: black;">指点</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>;⑥撰写个案<span style="color: black;">科研</span>报告;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">经验总结法</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.概念特征:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">指的是</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>调查、总结、归纳、<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题的经验和教训,揭示教育现象的本质及规律的一种<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>。其特征是经验的新颖性、<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>性、实践性、发展性、实用性。<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>注重经验的转化;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.<span style="color: black;">科研</span>特点:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">概括主题、归纳要素、形成观点、揭示规律、验证理论;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.基本<span style="color: black;">过程</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">①确立总结对象;②搜集<span style="color: black;">关联</span>材料;③现场<span style="color: black;">关联</span>调查;④分析关键资料;⑤撰写总结报告;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">叙事<span style="color: black;">科研</span>法</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.概念特征:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">指的是</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>描述和分析有<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的<span style="color: black;">教育</span>事件、师生生活和教育<span style="color: black;">教育</span>实践经验,来发掘或揭示内隐于<span style="color: black;">平常</span>工作、事件和<span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">背面</span>的<span style="color: black;">道理</span>、思想或理念,从中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>教育问题,探究教育思想,揭示教育活动特点和规律的一种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.<span style="color: black;">科研</span>特点:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">以“故事”为<span style="color: black;">科研</span>载体,以叙事为<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>途径,采用口述、现场记录、日记、开放式访谈、自传等方式开展<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.基本<span style="color: black;">过程</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">①确定<span style="color: black;">科研</span>问题;②<span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>对象;③记录教育故事;④分析得出结论;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">行动<span style="color: black;">科研</span>法</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.概念特征:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">是指由教育工作者和教育<span style="color: black;">教育</span>管理者<span style="color: black;">一起</span>参与,从教育工作需要中寻找课题,在<span style="color: black;">实质</span>教育工作中进行<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,使<span style="color: black;">科研</span>成果为教育工作者理解、<span style="color: black;">把握</span>和实施,从而<span style="color: black;">处理</span>教育<span style="color: black;">实质</span>问题的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B. <span style="color: black;">办法</span>缘由:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">始于英国的“教师即<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者运动”,强调行动与<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的结合,“为行动而<span style="color: black;">科研</span>、在<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中行动,在行动中<span style="color: black;">科研</span>”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.基本<span style="color: black;">过程</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>轮:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">①计划</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>,问题:学生认为科学只是回忆事实,而不是探索事实!<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span>使学生积极主动地去探索和<span style="color: black;">科研</span>?计划:改变课堂提问策略。把提问的中心转移到鼓励学生为<span style="color: black;">处理</span>自己的问题而寻找答案。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">②实施</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在课堂<span style="color: black;">教育</span>中,经常设计<span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>问题,这些问题能够激发学生探究的兴趣,能够使<span style="color: black;">她们</span>主动说出自己的想法,能够自己尝试归纳答案和结论。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">③观察</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>录像和录音,记录<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>们在<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的问题情境下,各自的表现,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>留意学生与以往<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>,关注<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>利于达成目的的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">④反思</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为了使全班学生<span style="color: black;">根据</span>教师的意图走,我认为还要适当地加强引导,适当加强情景<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,过分的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>会破坏探索性提问。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第二轮:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">① 计划:继续贯彻原初的基本设想和计划,适当减少<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>性<span style="color: black;">描述</span>;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">② 实施:在以后的课堂中减少<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>性<span style="color: black;">描述</span>;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">③ 观察:记录学生在<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>性<span style="color: black;">描述</span>减少的情境下的表现和<span style="color: black;">行径</span>;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">④反思;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">实验<span style="color: black;">科研</span>法</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.概念特征:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">指借鉴自然科学的实验<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,在教育实践中采取的“假设→求证”的方式,来揭示教育规律的过程。教育实验只能是准实验。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.教育实验与自然科学实验的比较:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.基本<span style="color: black;">过程</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">①提出<span style="color: black;">科研</span>假设</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">假设:对数学作业题结构进行<span style="color: black;">调节</span>,即,每次作业模仿性练习和创造性练习题的比例为7:3或8:2,就能够<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度上<span style="color: black;">加强</span>学生完成作业的兴趣和质量。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">自变量:<span style="color: black;">原由</span>变量</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因变量:结果变量</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">无关变量:教师、学习内容等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">②<span style="color: black;">选取</span>实验对象:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">高一(1)班为实验班;高一(2)班为对比班。两个班级平时的数学学习成绩相近。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">③进行实验前测:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">实验前,运用<span style="color: black;">相关</span>心理测试量表、学习质量和学习效果测试量表,对两个班级学生的数学学习兴趣、学习水平等进行测试。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">④ 严格组织实验:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">高一(1)班的数学作业题结构进行<span style="color: black;">调节</span>,即,每次作业模仿性练习和创造性练习题的比例为7:3或8:2。高一(2)班仍用以前的作业<span style="color: black;">部署</span>方式。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">⑤进行实验后测:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">实验结束后,运用<span style="color: black;">相关</span><span style="color: black;">测绘</span>工具,对两个班级学生的数学学习兴趣、学习水平重新进行测试。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">⑥ 分析检测数据:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">对实验前测和实验后测所<span style="color: black;">得到</span>的<span style="color: black;">各样</span>数据进行数理统计分析。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">⑦ 撰写实验报告:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">实验报告的要素:问题的提出、<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的假设、实验的设计、实验的过程、实验的结果、分析与讨论、实验结论、参考文献。</span></p>
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