肿瘤完全切除干净后,癌细胞还会死灰复燃吗?
<span style="color: black;">针对</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,只要<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>到晚期<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,还是有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人有机会手术完全切除肿瘤,实现“去病根”的,故此类手术属于“根治性治疗”。<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">现实中,常有癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>非常想<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肿瘤被完全切除干净了,癌细胞<span style="color: black;">可否</span>还会死灰复燃?今天,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就来聊聊这个<span style="color: black;">专题</span>。</p><div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-4ebd72b139af2afff61e2e30791071f0_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:摄图网<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1什么是完全切除干净肿瘤?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在肿瘤手术中,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>完整地切除了肿瘤,且手术下刀的位置<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>“切缘”,经检测<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,<span style="color: black;">无</span>残留任何癌细胞,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>说明<span style="color: black;">已然</span>切干净了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为实现这一点,应当做到:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤<span style="color: black;">必要</span>完整切除,就像除杂草<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,要从头到尾把杂草连根拔起,而非只割掉土表的可见部分,否则草根还在,过不了多久,便会“春风吹又生”了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肿瘤不止一个,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>为实现根治,每一处<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的肿瘤都应当处理干净。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>,有远端转移的晚期癌症,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>不可手术根治。。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 肿瘤虽然名字看起来很“圆润”,<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上,它并不是一个圆滚滚的规则物体。</p>恶性肿瘤又<span style="color: black;">或</span>说癌症,其本名叫做CANCER,是螃蟹的意思。顾名思义,恶性肿瘤的形状大多不怎么规则,还会长出<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>条“螃蟹腿”样的触须。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>在手术中,应判断清楚肿瘤的真正边界,切除范围<span style="color: black;">不可</span>贪图低<span style="color: black;">损害</span>而少切,漏掉某些“螃蟹腿”,从而为复发、转移埋下<span style="color: black;">按时</span>炸弹。当然,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不该</span>当为图省事、图干净,随意扩大切除范围,这会大幅<span style="color: black;">增多</span>不必要的身体<span style="color: black;">损害</span>。<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-c1c95dee1eac325295b4cc7cd1777544_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:摄图网<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>手术切缘<span style="color: black;">已然</span>测不出癌细胞,<span style="color: black;">是否</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>术后就不会复发?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">很遗憾,答案是不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">手术切缘检测<span style="color: black;">表示</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>任何癌细胞,<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>当前手术部位的肿瘤确实切干净了,癌症复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>确实降低了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">然而,有的时候在<span style="color: black;">病人</span>还没手术之前,就<span style="color: black;">已然</span>有一部分癌细胞(可能<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>极少量),像“伞兵”<span style="color: black;">同样</span>偷偷降落到了人体某些角落<span style="color: black;">隐藏</span>起来了。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>此时癌细胞数量太少,没办法<span style="color: black;">经过</span>如CT等现代医学影像设备<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>切缘看不见癌细胞,并不<span style="color: black;">表率</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>此时就<span style="color: black;">无</span>癌细胞。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在央视曾播出的医学纪录片《手术两百年》中,曾有过<span style="color: black;">这般</span>一段文字:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“癌细胞众多,每一立方厘米肿瘤中有10亿多个癌细胞。你<span style="color: black;">能够</span>想象得到,肝脏中有三四处癌细胞是什么程度,<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着身体里数十亿、成百上千亿癌细胞。”</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-df55b3974effb3cb5cc042df2d28ef1a_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:《手术两百年》<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,即便是再<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的癌症,手术根治后,依然存在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的概率会复发(<span style="color: black;">初期</span>复发率较低)。像恶性程度高(指癌细胞更加活跃)、分期较晚(<span style="color: black;">例如</span>II-III期)的癌症,术后复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span>会更高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>即便肿瘤<span style="color: black;">经过</span>手术<span style="color: black;">已然</span>完全切除,癌细胞依然可能死灰复燃。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2肿瘤辅助治疗,让复发更少<span style="color: black;">显现</span>!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然上文<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>得出了手术并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>完美<span style="color: black;">处理</span>癌症复发的问题,但这并不<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着人类毫<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着对癌症认识的<span style="color: black;">持续</span>深入,医学界<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">逐步</span>总结出一套行之有效的办法,来尽可能降低<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的癌症复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,它叫做“肿瘤辅助治疗”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这儿</span><span style="color: black;">说到</span>的辅助治疗,指的是<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span>现代医学技术,在手术/放疗等根治性治疗的前、后给予<span style="color: black;">病人</span>治疗,以<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>改善手术效果或尽可能消灭术后<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>残余癌细胞。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以肺癌为例,<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>有非常<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的证据证实,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>II-III期非小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,术后<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>传统化疗来降低复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span>;<span style="color: black;">针对</span>IB期肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span>较高,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>应当实施辅助化疗。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-e7a9713e42c5eff3fe5f04f8892547ea_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:摄图网<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">又<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>非小细胞肺癌III期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,进行根治性放化疗后,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>Imfinzi(PD-L1免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>)来延迟复发、延长<span style="color: black;">存活</span>时间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">据2020ESMO年会上公开更新的PACIFIC临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>信息<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>Imfinzi的<span style="color: black;">实验</span>组<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,大<span style="color: black;">大概</span>35.3%的人入组4年后仍然<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-212cc7e24b464b3ce8ae75fc10646303_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:2020 ESMO年会<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的术后靶向维持治疗,<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>越来越多地应用在各类<span style="color: black;">病人</span>身上。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>著名的肺癌<span style="color: black;">科研</span>ADAURA,其<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>携带EGFR基因突变的非小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,在接受手术、辅助化疗/或不化疗后,给予EGFR靶向药奥希替尼维持治疗3年,结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>奥希替尼的II-IIIA期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">明显</span>延长了肿瘤未复发的<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,术后辅助治疗和维持治疗,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>非常<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>说经过检测,激素受体阳性的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,在术后<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>许<span style="color: black;">数年</span>的内分泌治疗;<span style="color: black;">针对</span>基因检测<span style="color: black;">表示</span>有HER2突变的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,术后<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>一段时间的HER2靶向治疗(曲妥珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总而言之,虽然癌细胞善于<span style="color: black;">隐藏</span>,但<span style="color: black;">已然</span>有不少办法,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>对付它们了。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-54726d752f2d37a19adb2dc509e429a3_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:摄图网<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>紧跟<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>前沿医疗,不<span style="color: black;">错失</span>良好<span style="color: black;">方法</span>?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在现实中,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">保证</span>上面<span style="color: black;">说到</span>的辅助治疗方式能落实到位呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重要</span>在于<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>,<span style="color: black;">必要</span>熟悉<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>要与时俱进,能够<span style="color: black;">即时</span>更新迭代自己的知识库,和世界前沿医疗信息接轨。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>有一个名词,叫做“知识的半衰期”,指的是某类知识经过一段时间的发展后,会有<span style="color: black;">海量</span>旧的内容被新知识替代。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在癌症等医学<span style="color: black;">行业</span>,知识的半衰期正在<span style="color: black;">一直</span>地缩短。新的理念、新药新技术可谓日新月异,尤其在近20年以来,<span style="color: black;">海量</span>新型抗癌<span style="color: black;">药品</span>(靶向药、免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>)、新技术,<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>呈“井喷”式<span style="color: black;">持续</span>涌现!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在医学知识裂变速度“一日千里”的今天,可能<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>许多人认同的“真理”,在1-2年后就完全过时,被丢到废纸篓中。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而一旦<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>未能<span style="color: black;">即时</span>更新自己的知识<span style="color: black;">贮存</span>,则给<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>的诊疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,显然<span style="color: black;">亦</span>非常容易落伍。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>手术机会<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的早、中期患者,<span style="color: black;">即时</span>用上更<span style="color: black;">可靠</span>的辅助治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,有利于降低复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,<span style="color: black;">得到</span>更大的治愈<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>;而<span style="color: black;">针对</span>病情<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>、严重的晚期癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,如能紧跟国际医学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,更早应用到各项良好的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>、技术和前沿<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,则在<span style="color: black;">重要</span>时刻,可能逆转命运!</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-3198b1edc7c8cacafaad74c8055cc6d0_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:摄图网<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>来看1个案例:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2017年年初,晚期肺腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>梁先生,因基因检测<span style="color: black;">表示</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>任何<span style="color: black;">能够</span>靶向治疗的基因突变,故只能接受化疗(培美曲塞+卡铂)联合抗血管<span style="color: black;">药品</span>(贝伐单抗)治疗的<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。治疗后没过几个月,梁先生<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了化疗耐药,肿瘤<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此时,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>继续在当地治疗,则梁先生只能更换其他化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,<span style="color: black;">或</span>尝试中药治疗。而这些疗法的有效率没什么<span style="color: black;">保证</span>。不久后,梁先生前往了美国休斯顿某知名癌症专科医院<span style="color: black;">看病</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结果到了美国,经过再次基因检测,梁先生惊讶地<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>自己被检出了EGFR 20突变。虽然该突变尚<span style="color: black;">无</span>对应的靶向药上市,但在<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>,梁先生<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>入组前沿新药临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的方式,快人一步用上一款针对EGFR 20突变的靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>——波奇替尼(poziotinib)。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-7b0558831b348099d38afcd558e97027_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:摄图网<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">用药仅1个月,梁先生的胸腔积液就大幅减少,从2000ml变<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>600ml;用药2个月后,肿瘤缩小了一半,他<span style="color: black;">本来</span>严重的咳嗽<span style="color: black;">亦</span>大幅减轻、频次减少,<span style="color: black;">呼气</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>变得<span style="color: black;">非常</span>顺畅。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实,类似梁先生的经历还有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>有的比国内更早用上了国外已上市前沿新药,有的经<span style="color: black;">检测</span>找到了新的治疗靶点,有的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>得到了<span style="color: black;">调节</span>(如增减<span style="color: black;">药品</span>、修改组合),有的入组了新药临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>并得到了巨大的收益…</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">医学<span style="color: black;">没</span>国界,<span style="color: black;">没</span>论是中国、美国、欧洲、日本还是<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>其他任何<span style="color: black;">地区</span>的前沿医学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>成果,都应当快速为所有癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>所用,改善疗效。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-949b8df082206aaafcd4905084cc9747_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:摄图网<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考<span style="color: black;">源自</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">https://www.</span><span style="color: black;">esmo.org/meetings/esmo-</span><span style="color: black;">virtual-congress-2020/programme</span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Osimertinibin Untreated EGFR-Mutated Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer.N Engl J Med2018; 378:158-168</p>
外贸论坛是我们的,责任是我们的,荣誉是我们的,成就是我们的,辉煌是我们的。 你的见解独到,让我受益匪浅,非常感谢。
页:
[1]