预防科普丨各类癌症重点致癌原由,看完必定要远离!
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>死亡率最高的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,其<span style="color: black;">包括</span>范围之广,影响<span style="color: black;">原因</span>之泛,让人谈癌色变。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2018年世界卫生组织下属国际癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span>(IARC)<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的统计<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,除去客观<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,国人75岁前患癌的平均概率为20.6%。<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说,约每5个国人中就有1人会在75岁前被诊断为癌症,而随着年龄的增长,患癌的几率会更高。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症对人体的<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>不仅限于某个部位,从头到脚都可能受到癌症威胁:头颈癌、口腔癌、鼻咽癌、甲状腺癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、食道癌、肝癌、胃癌、肠癌、前列腺癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、膀胱癌、黑色素瘤…,而<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>癌症都与<span style="color: black;">平常</span>生活习惯息息<span style="color: black;">关联</span>…</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、口腔癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">防癌要点:远离槟榔</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中华口腔医学会会长俞光岩教授2019年做客由健康时报主办的名医直播栏目《人民名医》时指出,槟榔<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的<span style="color: black;">成份</span>槟榔碱是世界卫生组织所认定的一级致癌物,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>使得口腔黏膜下的纤维性变,有一部分病人会就<span style="color: black;">出现</span>口腔癌变,最后<span style="color: black;">引起</span>口腔癌,影响生命,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>影响口腔的功能和外形。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、甲状腺癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">防癌要点:<span style="color: black;">重视</span>甲状腺结节</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">东南大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中大医院内分泌科副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师魏琼2017年在健康时报刊文指出,绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>甲状腺结节是良性的,恶性结节仅占5%。良性甲状腺结节不必过度治疗,若其影响外观、吞咽功能或<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>,需<span style="color: black;">看病</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、食道癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">防癌要点:<span style="color: black;">重视</span>少食烫食</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">食道癌是中国最<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>的癌症之一,发病率位居世界首位。这与中国人偏爱热食,<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>趁热吃有着密不可分的关系。早在2016年6月,世界卫生组织下属的国际癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span>(IARC)<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>在《柳叶刀·肿瘤学》杂志上的一份<span style="color: black;">科研</span>报告<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,饮用65℃以上的热饮,会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>患食道癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。并且在正式<span style="color: black;">发布</span>的致癌物<span style="color: black;">评定</span>报告中,非常热(高于65℃)的饮品,被列为<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>可能的(IIA类)致癌物。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、肺癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">防癌要点:戒烟、远离二手烟</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">首都医科大学肺癌诊疗中心<span style="color: black;">专家</span>、首都医科大学宣武医院胸外科首席专家支修益,2020年在接受健康时报记者采访时指出,吸烟是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>医学界可<span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>肺癌的最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>之一,<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>2/3以上的肺癌死亡由吸烟<span style="color: black;">导致</span>,肺癌与吸烟强度(吸烟量)和<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间呈正<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、胃癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">防癌要点:幽门螺杆菌</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">早在1994年,世界卫生组织(WHO)下属的国际癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span>(IARC)就<span style="color: black;">已然</span>将幽门螺杆菌定为I类致癌原。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">幽门螺杆菌感染者中仅约15%~20%会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>消化性溃疡,5%~10%<span style="color: black;">出现</span>幽门螺杆菌<span style="color: black;">关联</span>消化不良,约1%<span style="color: black;">出现</span>胃恶性肿瘤。而避免幽门螺杆菌感染,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>要做到的,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>分餐,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不要用自己的筷子给别人夹菜。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6、肝癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">防癌要点:防肝炎、不喝酒</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">喝酒伤肝是和吸烟伤肺<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的被<span style="color: black;">公众</span>所熟知。酒的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">成份</span>是乙醇,乙醇进入肝细胞后氧化为乙醛,后者<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>肝毒性和致癌性,<span style="color: black;">身体</span>过量积聚会对肝脏<span style="color: black;">导致</span>严重<span style="color: black;">害处</span>。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">饮酒可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>酒精性脂肪肝、酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝硬化等多种慢性肝病,并且能够<span style="color: black;">加强</span>乙肝、丙肝病毒等诱发原发性肝癌的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7、肠癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">防癌要点:高膳食纤维、低脂<span style="color: black;">膳食</span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">多食用<span style="color: black;">饱含</span>膳食纤维的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>降低肠癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。匹兹堡大学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员进行的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,将20名非裔美国人和20名非洲当地农民的<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>对调<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>影响受试者肠道微生物群中与癌症<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>的生物标志物,高膳食纤维、低脂<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>对结肠癌预防<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>潜在<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8、宫颈癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">防癌要点:接种HPV疫苗</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宫颈癌<span style="color: black;">重点</span>由高危型HPV(人乳头瘤病毒)<span style="color: black;">连续</span>感染<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>致癌性的不同分为高危型和低危型,2019年ICO中国HPV和<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>报告<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,中国女性约98%的宫颈癌由高危型HPV<span style="color: black;">引起</span>。而HPV疫苗是<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">独一</span>一款能够预防癌症的疫苗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9、膀胱癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">防癌要点:多喝水、不憋尿</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">重庆市肿瘤医院泌尿肿瘤科罗宏2018年在健康时报刊文指出,不爱喝水,经常憋尿都与膀胱癌的发病息息<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。饮水量的多少直接影响膀胱内尿液的浓度,对膀胱癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>有<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>影响。饮水量少者排尿间隔时间必然延长,这就给细菌在膀胱内的繁殖创造了有利<span style="color: black;">前提</span>。而患膀胱癌的可能性和尿液在膀胱中滞留的时间成正比。尿液中有一种<span style="color: black;">能够</span>致癌的化学物质,此种物质可侵害膀胱的黏膜,<span style="color: black;">促进</span>其癌变,憋尿会延长致癌物质对膀胱的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,有憋尿习惯者,患膀胱癌的可能性要比<span style="color: black;">通常</span>人高出3~5倍。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">十、</span>黑色素瘤</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">防癌要点:观察黑痣变化</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中国人黑色素瘤好发在四指远端,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>脚趾、脚底板、脚踝、手指等。北京大学肿瘤医院肾癌黑色素瘤内科副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师连斌2019年在健康时报刊文提醒,存在恶变<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的“痣”<span style="color: black;">意见</span>完整切除,再送检,而非激光、冷冻,更<span style="color: black;">不该</span>“点”掉。<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要做好<span style="color: black;">平常</span>防晒,紫外线照射<span style="color: black;">太多</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是黑痣癌变的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">远离癌症<span style="color: black;">首要</span>要远离致癌<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,除了<span style="color: black;">以上</span>防癌要点,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>更要规律健康生活,<span style="color: black;">恰当</span><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>,<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>少熬夜,<span style="color: black;">增多</span>户外<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>和运动,保持<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>体重,良好的心情。</p>
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