凯特王妃疑患的克罗恩病 为啥叫“不死的癌症”?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q0.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240227/650bc765405f460196f83198748564e2.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">英国王室近期发声明<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,王储威廉的妻子凯特王妃入院成功接受了腹部手术。随后便有英国<span style="color: black;">媒介</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>,凯特王妃患上的可能是克罗恩病(Crohns Disease,简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>CD)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个让人苗条、纤瘦的“富贵病”还有着一个可怕的别<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>——“不死的癌症”。这是一种<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>?笔者采访了<span style="color: black;">始终</span>致力于炎症性肠炎临床诊疗的北京大学人民医院消化内科副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>、<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师陈宁。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">一种殃及<span style="color: black;">全部</span>消化道的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为么</span>取了<span style="color: black;">这般</span>一个名字?源于1932年,一位姓克罗恩的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">发布</span>了一系列关于“局限性回肠炎”的科学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,并将此病命名为Crohn(克罗恩),在学术界<span style="color: black;">导致</span>很大反响。自此,这个病<span style="color: black;">走进</span>人们的视野。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">认识克罗恩病前,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>先来<span style="color: black;">认识</span>下炎症性肠病。这是一类<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肠道整体或部分<span style="color: black;">显现</span>炎症反应(如肠黏膜发红、水肿等)的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病都属于此类。<span style="color: black;">一般</span>,患克罗恩病的人会<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>腹痛、腹泻、体重下降、发热和疲乏等全身表现,并可伴<span style="color: black;">相关</span>节、皮肤、眼、口腔黏膜等肠外损害的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,还可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肛周脓肿或瘘管等局部症状。简单<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,这种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>让<span style="color: black;">全部</span>消化道受累,从口腔、食道到胃,乃至小肠、大肠、肛周。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>慢性、反复<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>的肠道炎症,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>局限性回肠炎、局限性肠炎、节段性肠炎或肉芽肿性肠炎。它在胃肠道的任何部位都可能<span style="color: black;">出现</span>,但最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>于末端回肠和右半结肠。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">它与普通拉肚子不是一码事</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不<span style="color: black;">便是</span>胃肠<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>,拉个肚子吗?克罗恩病与<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的肠道感染有啥不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>?肯定不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>。<span style="color: black;">没</span>论从病因、症状到治疗等方面,都是不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">克罗恩病<span style="color: black;">初期</span>发病的症状的确与肠道感染非常<span style="color: black;">类似</span>,但肠道感染<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>某种病原体<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的,经过针对病原体的对症治疗<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">火速</span>好转。而克罗恩病是一种慢性、<span style="color: black;">发展</span>性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,其确切病因尚不完全<span style="color: black;">知道</span>,症状<span style="color: black;">能够</span>反复<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>,治疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>相对<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>,可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂、抗生素等<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,以及营养支持和手术治疗等。在治疗和预防策略上是<span style="color: black;">必须</span>区别对待的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">克罗恩病的症状多样且<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>,与其他肠道<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>有许多<span style="color: black;">类似</span>之处,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>容易<span style="color: black;">显现</span>误诊。北京大学人民医院消化内科<span style="color: black;">持有</span>从事炎症性肠病诊疗长达三十年的专业团队,以及多学科MDT诊疗协作团队,能够准确地识别克罗恩病。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">这个“富贵病”更偏爱青年人</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">克罗恩病更愿意找<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是白领青年。“从临床发病数据来看,克罗恩病的发病年龄相对较早,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>平均年龄为15-25岁,男女患病率相近。”陈宁<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师说,从历史渊源来看,这种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>在世界范围内的发病率有所不同,在西方发达水平高的国家和地区<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>见,且首次发病更好发于<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人群。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但近20年,随着经济发展和生活水平的<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">提高</span>,多项数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,我国克罗恩病的发病率呈快速<span style="color: black;">提升</span>趋势,且富裕地区、城市、白领阶层的患病率相对贫穷、偏远地区和体力劳动者更高。其中,快餐、汉堡等西化<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>、吸烟和不良的生活方式对克罗恩病的病情有非常<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的<span style="color: black;">害处</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除此类<span style="color: black;">原因</span>外,克罗恩病的发病还受多种<span style="color: black;">原因</span>之间相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的影响,如遗传、环境、基因和免疫反应低下等,致使它容易复发、治疗周期较长,且治疗<span style="color: black;">花费</span>相对较高,对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生活和经济<span style="color: black;">情况</span>产生<span style="color: black;">明显</span>影响,为此又被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“富贵病”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">不是没胃口 而是不吸收</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">克罗恩病的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">持有</span>令人<span style="color: black;">仰慕</span>的纤瘦身材。不是<span style="color: black;">她们</span>不想吃饭<span style="color: black;">或</span>吃不下饭,而是忌口太多。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">克罗恩病<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">全部</span>消化道受损,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>虽能吃下<span style="color: black;">食品</span>,但<span style="color: black;">因为</span>肠道的炎症和<span style="color: black;">损害</span>,对<span style="color: black;">食品</span>的消化吸收功能大打折扣,<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>营养不良。<span style="color: black;">处在</span>生长<span style="color: black;">生长</span>期的<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>,还会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>身材矮小。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这就<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>和摄入方式,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>遵循一种特定的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>计划,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为克罗恩病<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>——高营养、低渣、易消化的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>,以满足<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>症状、减轻肠道<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>、促进肠道愈合,并维持身体的营养需求。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在制定<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>计划时,最好咨询专业<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>或营养师的意见,以<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>的<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>性和安全性。<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">哪些</span>细腻、柔软、易于咀嚼和消化的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>,如细面条、粥、软面包等,还<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">饱含</span>蛋白质的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>,如鱼肉、鸡蛋、豆腐等,以<span style="color: black;">供给</span>身体所需的营养。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尤其</span>提醒,要<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免粗糙的或含有<span style="color: black;">海量</span>纤维的可能会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>肠道<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>,如粗粮、坚果、芹菜等。还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>避免摄入<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>可能刺激肠道或加重炎症的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>高脂肪<span style="color: black;">食品</span>、辛辣<span style="color: black;">食品</span>、含咖啡因的饮料、碳酸饮料等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">手术能拯救“不死的癌症”吗?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">克罗恩病对肠道的损害,是从浅入深、从小到大发展的,从病变<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的鹅口疮溃疡,<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>累及肠壁全层,致使肠壁增厚变硬,肠腔变窄;溃疡穿孔<span style="color: black;">导致</span>局部脓肿或穿透至其他肠段、器官、腹壁,形成内瘘或外瘘;而肠壁浆膜纤维素的渗出和慢性肠穿孔可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肠粘连、肠梗阻。病情严重者,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>进行切除病变肠段、造口等手术治疗。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>其病程反反复复,克罗恩病又被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“不死的癌症”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">中间商</span>绍,凯特王妃<span style="color: black;">已然</span>成功完<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>腹部手术。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>,手术能彻底拯救克罗恩病吗?专家强调,手术治疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是一把“双刃剑”,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>用药<span style="color: black;">连续</span>治疗。一旦擅自撤药、停药,易<span style="color: black;">引起</span>炎症再次爆发,<span style="color: black;">显现</span>结肠穿孔、瘘管形成、腹腔脓肿、肠梗阻并发症等严重的不良后果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,克罗恩病的治疗<span style="color: black;">必须</span>综合<span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的病情、年龄、身体<span style="color: black;">情况</span>等多个方面,制定个性化的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>积极<span style="color: black;">协同</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">意见</span>,保持良好的生活习惯和<span style="color: black;">心理</span>,以<span style="color: black;">加强</span>治疗效果和生活质量。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">药<span style="color: black;">不可</span>停,克罗恩病<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的炎症性肠病就能治好吗?<span style="color: black;">日前</span>的答案是:<span style="color: black;">不可</span>!<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>把克罗恩病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>视为冠心病、糖尿病等慢性病<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的病人,认可治疗是一个<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>乃至终身的过程。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个病对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生活质量和心理健康都可能产生<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的影响,临床经<span style="color: black;">平常</span>到<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>担心受<span style="color: black;">卑视</span>或不被理解,不愿意公开自己的病情。不仅是家人、医务人员,呼吁广大民众主动去关爱理解<span style="color: black;">她们</span>,尊重他们的隐私和<span style="color: black;">选取</span>,<span style="color: black;">供给</span>支持和<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>,并<span style="color: black;">经过</span>宣传和教育<span style="color: black;">加强</span>公众认知,<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">膳食</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>和心理支持,鼓励<span style="color: black;">病人</span>积极参与社交活动……<span style="color: black;">经过</span>这些<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>情感上的支持、知识上的<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>和社交上的支持,让<span style="color: black;">病人</span>更好地应对<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>生活质量,减少<span style="color: black;">卑视</span>和压力。</p>
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