红茶的基本知识
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">红茶属全发酵茶,约200年前,发源于今福建省武夷山茶区。因其干茶冲泡后的茶汤和叶底色呈红色而得名。红茶在<span style="color: black;">起始</span>创制时被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“乌茶”,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>英语<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“BlackTea”,而非“Red Tea”。红茶种类较多,且在国外形<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>独特的红茶文化,从中国引种发展起来的印度、斯里兰卡的红茶<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">特别有</span>名。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>产区:福建武夷山一带。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">品质特征:红茶、红汤、红叶。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">红茶的种类</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">红茶<span style="color: black;">根据</span>加工工艺<span style="color: black;">区别</span>分为红条茶和红碎茶两种。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">红条茶制作时<span style="color: black;">通常</span>发酵较充分,滋味醇厚甘甜,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>品种有小种红茶、工夫红茶等。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">红碎茶发酵程度较轻,<span style="color: black;">保存</span>了较多的多酚类物质,滋味浓厚鲜爽,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>高锐持久、汤色红浓,冲泡时间短的特点,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>比较适合加入牛奶、糖、蜂蜜、果汁等来调饮。如滇红碎茶、南川红碎茶等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">红茶的制作工艺</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">传统红茶的制作过程大致为萎凋、揉捻、发酵和干燥。但<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>随着红碎茶市场的<span style="color: black;">持续</span>扩大使CTC制茶机大受欢迎。这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>较之传统工艺更为<span style="color: black;">快速</span>且处理量大,但茶叶的发酵不算<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span>,冲泡的茶汤有刺激性。但滋味<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>浓、强、鲜的特点。下面<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>介绍传统制茶工艺。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">萎凋</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">萎凋分为自然萎凋和萎凋槽萎凋两种方式:自然萎凋<span style="color: black;">便是</span>将鲜茶叶放在室内<span style="color: black;">或</span>室外阳光不是很<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span>的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>,经过<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的时间,令鲜茶叶失去<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的水分而变成萎蔫凋谢的状态;萎凋槽萎凋则是将鲜茶叶放在通气槽体中,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>热空气加快鲜茶叶的萎凋过程,这是当前<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>采用的萎凋<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">发酵</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">发酵是揉捻叶在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>温度、湿度和供氧<span style="color: black;">要求</span>下,以多酚类物质为主体的生化<span style="color: black;">成份</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>一系列化学反应,形成红色的氧化聚合物-红茶色素。红茶色素一部分能溶于水中,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>会形成红色茶汤;而另一部分则仍然留在茶叶中,形<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>红色的叶底。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q8.itc.cn/images01/20240914/228f8728fdd642c093a37fdc8cb365d0.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">揉捻</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">揉捻的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>是为了使茶叶初步成形,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>茶叶色、香、味的浓度,并且<span style="color: black;">经过</span>破坏茶叶组织,加速多酚类的酶氧化,从而为下一步发酵做准备。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">干燥</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">发酵之后,茶坯需要经过高温烘焙,<span style="color: black;">快速</span>蒸发水分,固定茶形。与此<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,红茶所特有的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>高沸点的芳香类物质<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被<span style="color: black;">保存</span>在茶叶中,从而形<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>红茶所特有的醇厚、香甜的味道。<span style="color: black;">通常</span>会采用毛火和足火两次烘干,毛火高温,温度在 115℃<span style="color: black;">上下</span>;足火低温,温度在90℃<span style="color: black;">上下</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">红茶的冲泡</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在众多茶品中,红茶的饮法最多,可清饮,可调饮。清饮,即在茶汤中不添加任何调料,使红茶发挥<span style="color: black;">自己</span>的香气和滋味。清饮时,一杯好茶在手,静品细吸,慢慢体味,最能使人进入忘我的境界,油然生出一种<span style="color: black;">愉快</span>、激动、舒畅之情,颇有苏东坡“从来佳茗似佳人”的意境。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240914/ff9f8f68a4284159ae209902b390a472.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">适用茶具</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">红茶汤色较浓烈,适合紫砂和瓷质的茶具。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">水温</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>用95℃的水冲泡,可将水烧开后稍等几分钟,待水凉至适合的温度时再冲泡。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">投茶量</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">茶与水的比例<span style="color: black;">通常</span>为1:50,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可<span style="color: black;">按照</span>茶叶的老嫩、滋味的浓淡程度以及品饮者的个人<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>适当增减。</p>
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