诊断学要点总结(十)
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本作者是公众号:马威老师 独家签约原创作者,<span style="color: black;">文案</span>转载须联系<span style="color: black;">自己</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">临床血液学检测</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">血常规内容:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">血红蛋白测定.红细胞计数.红细胞平均值测定和红细胞形态监测;</p>人群血红蛋白红细胞数男120-160g/L(4.0~5.5)x10^12/L女110-150 g/l(3.5~5.0) x10^12/L新生儿180~190 g/l(6.0~7.0) x10^12/L<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">体积</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如小红细胞红细胞直径<span style="color: black;">少于</span>6um,见于低色素性贫血。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大红细胞直径大于10um,见于溶血性贫血,急性失血性贫血及巨幼细胞性贫血</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">巨红细胞直径大于15um,见于巨幼细胞贫血</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">形态<span style="color: black;">反常</span>: </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">a.球形细胞</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">球形细胞直径<span style="color: black;">少于</span>6um球形细胞<span style="color: black;">增加</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>见于遗传形细胞<span style="color: black;">增加</span>症及<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫性溶血性贫血。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">b.靶形细胞</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">形状似射击靶标中央淡染区扩大中心部分又有部分色素,见于海洋性贫血、<span style="color: black;">反常</span>血红蛋白病及脾切除后等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">C.椭圆形细胞 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">D.口形红细胞</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">E.镰形红细胞:泪滴形红细胞、棘细胞、裂细胞等</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结构<span style="color: black;">反常</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">嗜硷性点彩</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">点彩红细胞属于未完全成熟的红细胞,在正<span style="color: black;">一般人</span>血片中极少见,见于增生性贫血、巨幼细胞贫血及骨髓纤维化、铅中毒等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Howell-Jolly</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为紫红色圆形小体,此小体可能是幼红细胞在核分裂过程中<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的一种<span style="color: black;">反常</span>染色质或是染色质的残留部分,<span style="color: black;">平常</span>于溶血性贫血,巨幼细胞性贫血,脾切除后。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Cabot(卡波)环</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在红细胞中<span style="color: black;">显现</span>一种红色呈圆形或8字形细线状环,<span style="color: black;">曾经被</span>认为是核膜的残留物或可能是钫锤体的残余物或是胞质中脂蛋白变性<span style="color: black;">导致</span>,见于溶血性贫血、巨幼细胞贫血、脾切除后或铅中毒等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有核红细胞</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">即幼稚红细胞存在于骨髓中,正常成人外周血中<span style="color: black;">不可</span>见到,成人外周血中<span style="color: black;">显现</span>属病理现象,见于增生性贫血、急性溶血、急性失血、红白血病、骨髓纤维化,骨髓转移癌、严重缺氧等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白细胞总数</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">成人:(4~10)x10^9/L; 儿童:(5~12) x10^9/L ; 新生儿:(15~20)x10^9/L (伤寒病不<span style="color: black;">导致</span>白细胞总数<span style="color: black;">增加</span>)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白细胞<span style="color: black;">归类</span>计数</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">N中性粒细胞0.51~0.75(中性杆状核0.01~0.05,中性分叶核0.50~0.70); E嗜酸性粒细胞 0.005~0.05; B嗜碱性粒细胞0~0.01; L淋巴细胞0.20~0.40; M单核细胞 0.03~0.08</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中性粒细胞增减<span style="color: black;">道理</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">A.中性粒细胞<span style="color: black;">增加</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">㈠生理性中性粒细胞<span style="color: black;">增加</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(剧烈活动、饱餐、高温、严寒、)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">㈡病理性中性粒细胞<span style="color: black;">增加</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">反应性<span style="color: black;">增加</span>与<span style="color: black;">反常</span>增生性<span style="color: black;">增加</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑴反应性<span style="color: black;">增加</span>:</p>急性感染或炎性(<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>,而化脓性感染为最<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>)广泛得组织<span style="color: black;">损害</span>或坏死急性大<span style="color: black;">流血</span>.溶血(白细胞增多可<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断内<span style="color: black;">流血</span>的参考指标)急性中毒,如有机磷农药中毒恶性肿瘤,如胃癌,肝癌等其他,如器官移植排拆<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑵<span style="color: black;">反常</span>增生性<span style="color: black;">增加</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①粒细胞白血病:急性。慢性;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②骨髓增殖性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>:真性RBC(红细胞)<span style="color: black;">增加</span>症,原发性PLT(血小板)<span style="color: black;">增加</span>症,骨髓纤维化症</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">B.中性粒细胞减少</p>某些感染,如最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的病毒感染,或见于伤寒;某些血液病,如再生<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>性贫血或骨髓纤维化等<span style="color: black;">药品</span>或理化<span style="color: black;">原因</span>等,如<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>抗甲状腺<span style="color: black;">药品</span>;<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,如系统性红斑狼疮;脾功能亢进等<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中性粒细胞核左移,核右移</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中性粒细胞核左移</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">周边</span>血中杆状核<span style="color: black;">增加</span>,并可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>晚幼粒,中幼粒,及早幼粒等细胞,<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为核左移.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中性粒细胞核右移</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">正<span style="color: black;">一般人</span>血中的中性粒细胞以3叶为主,若5叶者超过0.03,或中性粒细胞分叶<span style="color: black;">太多</span>,大部分为4~5叶或<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>(以至15叶),则<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为核右移. <span style="color: black;">平常</span>于巨幼细胞贫血,恶性贫血,预后不良.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">嗜酸性粒细胞的增减<span style="color: black;">道理</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">A, 嗜酸性粒细胞<span style="color: black;">增加</span>:</p>变态反应性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>: 如支气管哮喘,酸性粒细胞<span style="color: black;">增加</span>症,银屑病,过敏性支气管炎等;寄生虫病: 如蛔虫病,肺吸虫病某些血液病,如慢性粒细胞白血病,嗜酸性粒细胞白血病等;其他,如恶性肿瘤,肾上腺皮质<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>症<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">B, 嗜酸性粒细胞减少</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">见于伤寒,休克,应激状态等 (伤寒病白细胞<span style="color: black;">归类</span>中最具诊断<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的改变是:嗜酸性粒细胞减少)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">淋巴细胞<span style="color: black;">增加</span>见于:</p>感染性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,如麻疹,传染性单核细胞<span style="color: black;">增加</span>症,病毒性肝炎,结核病等某些血液病,如急
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