多发性骨髓瘤有哪些临床表现？
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今天给<span style="color: black;">大众</span>讲讲多发性骨髓瘤，一听到肿瘤<span style="color: black;">大众</span>都很害怕，觉得是什么不治之症，其实有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">初期</span>治愈的机会是相当高的。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>多发性骨髓瘤有什么表现呢？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（1）骨痛和病理性骨折：70%～80%的骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有不同程度的骨损害。骨组织被<span style="color: black;">海量</span>破坏，形成溶骨性病灶，即骨髓瘤骨病。可<span style="color: black;">导致</span>骨痛、病理性骨折、截瘫和高钙血症，偶尔<span style="color: black;">导致</span>神经压迫。2/3的骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>因骨痛而就诊。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可能有数月的复发性、进行性背痛史。<span style="color: black;">起始</span>较轻，呈游走性、间歇性、活动时加重。<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>部位多见腰背部、胸背部，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>肋部、肢体<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>常常稍用力或不经意的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下就会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>骨折，<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>之为病理性骨折。胸腰椎压缩性骨折<span style="color: black;">平常</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>是锁骨、肋骨骨折。约10%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>因脊柱骨折<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的机械性压迫可<span style="color: black;">导致</span>神经系统症状，严重者<span style="color: black;">导致</span>截瘫。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（2）贫血：贫血是骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的临床表现，初诊时贫血的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率达70%，随着<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>，几乎所有的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">最后</span>都会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>贫血。<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>贫血或轻度贫血，<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>症状，随着<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>，贫血<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>加重，晚期多为重度贫血。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>表现为头昏、疲乏<span style="color: black;">没</span>力、心慌、气短、面色苍白。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（3）肾功能损害：肾功能损害是多发性骨髓瘤最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>、<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是严重的并发症之一。初诊时20%～50%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>存在肾功能不全，<span style="color: black;">必须</span>透析治疗的晚期肾衰竭的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率达3%～12%。治疗后能使一部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的肾功能逆转，肌酐降至正常范围，但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有一部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>（尤其是肾脏损害时间比较久的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>）虽然治疗有效但肌酐还是<span style="color: black;">没</span>法降至正常。总体<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>前者的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>时间要比后者长。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（4）感染：感染是骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的并发症，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的死亡<span style="color: black;">原由</span>之一。<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>是正常的免疫球蛋白受到<span style="color: black;">控制</span>，生成减少，从而体液免疫功能差，加上T细胞的功能<span style="color: black;">反常</span>和中性粒细胞减少。在我国，骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>严重感染的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率为19.3%。最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的感染部位是<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>道，表现为支气管炎或肺炎。病原微生物以细菌多见，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>是真菌、病毒。骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带状疱疹<span style="color: black;">亦</span>容易<span style="color: black;">出现</span>，尤其是治疗后免疫力低下的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（5）<span style="color: black;">流血</span>：<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">海量</span>的M蛋白影响了<span style="color: black;">身体</span>凝血因子的功能，会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>凝血<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>表现为双侧鼻腔<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、牙龈<span style="color: black;">持续</span>渗血、皮肤<span style="color: black;">显现</span>瘀斑等。</p>
网站建设seio论坛http://www.fok120.com/ 期待你更多的精彩评论，一起交流学习。 你的话语真是温暖如春，让我心生感激。
页:
[1]