再亦不消帮忙砍价?微X限制小红书、拼多多等外链涉嫌垄断吗
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1月12日,<span style="color: black;">微X</span>宣布依据<span style="color: black;">关联</span>法律法规和平台规则,对小红书、多多直播、QQ音乐等多家违规外链作限制处理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">信息</span>一出,有网友拍手<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>快,“早就该屏蔽了,一天天的要砍价、邀请,烦死了。”<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要有人质疑平台屏蔽是以用户之名,行垄断之实。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有反垄断专家认为,屏蔽<span style="color: black;">能够</span>防止“搭便车”并<span style="color: black;">守护</span>用户信息,但这一做法<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>符合比例原则、<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">恰当</span>性仍值得商榷。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">微X</span>对QQ音乐、小红书、多多直播等违规外链作限制处理</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此前曾有用户反映,在<span style="color: black;">微X</span>分享部分第三方App链接内容时,存在受到弹窗误导、胁迫<span style="color: black;">转</span>或下载第三方App的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2020年12月11日,<span style="color: black;">微X</span>安全中心发布《针对第三方违规导流链接的治理公告》,<span style="color: black;">需求</span>第三方外链服务<span style="color: black;">供给</span>方围绕<span style="color: black;">运用</span>疑似官方UI诱导外跳,以及<span style="color: black;">供给</span>未完整功能诱导或强制外跳问题进行整改。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">近期仍有用户反馈,部分<span style="color: black;">关联</span>外链存在违规<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。<span style="color: black;">微X</span>对此进行整治,并于1月12日发布《对第三方违规导流链接的处理公示》。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SM2lLO37vbWabZ~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1729505855&x-signature=0RhheB%2FgIJ9Q%2BLKntkNyqt%2BCZuY%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《公示》列举四类违规外链<span style="color: black;">行径</span>,分别为打开页面后自<span style="color: black;">活动</span>出离开<span style="color: black;">微X</span>选项框,页面底部弹出模仿<span style="color: black;">微X</span>UI的选项卡,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>在页面上查看完整内容,以及页面上展开查看全文内容按钮标识不清晰等问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>打开QQ音乐页面后,自<span style="color: black;">活动</span>出离开<span style="color: black;">微X</span>选项框;知乎分享<span style="color: black;">不可</span>在<span style="color: black;">微X</span>查看完整内容,点击“阅读全文”后弹出离开<span style="color: black;">微X</span>选框。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,快手、百度、虎扑、QQ浏览器、好看、网易<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>等App<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被点名。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">微X</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,将对腾讯旗下QQ音乐和QQ浏览器、拼多多旗下的多多直播,以及小红书、知乎、好看视频等多款<span style="color: black;">制品</span>违规<span style="color: black;">外边</span>链接进行限制处理——<span style="color: black;">不可</span>在<span style="color: black;">微X</span>内直接打开违规链接,用户以点击“继续<span style="color: black;">拜访</span>”或“复制链接在浏览器中打开”的形式进行<span style="color: black;">拜访</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>《公示》<span style="color: black;">说到</span>,部分第三方App服务<span style="color: black;">供给</span>者<span style="color: black;">经过</span>技术手段实施恶意绕开和对抗,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>整改过后又将页面再次改回违规形态;故意设置<span style="color: black;">必定</span>概率,让用户点击后随机进入违规页面等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为此,<span style="color: black;">微X</span>将停止在<span style="color: black;">微X</span>继续传播链接内容、直接打开<span style="color: black;">拜访</span>整体域名或IP<span style="color: black;">位置</span>,以及在<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>圈分享互动<span style="color: black;">关联</span>内容等<span style="color: black;">关联</span>服务;并呼吁第三方App服务<span style="color: black;">供给</span>者<span style="color: black;">即时</span>停止恶意技术对抗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">微X</span>还<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,后续仍将进行有序治理,为良好的用户体验<span style="color: black;">连续</span>护航。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1月13日,南都记者实测分享小红书、QQ音乐、知乎链接给<span style="color: black;">微X</span>好友,均<span style="color: black;">能够</span>直接打开,不需<span style="color: black;">转</span><span style="color: black;">拜访</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">平台屏蔽外链,有人<span style="color: black;">高兴</span>有人忧,还有人担心垄断</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">微X</span>限制违规第三方外链,将<span style="color: black;">导致</span>什么影响?</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SM2lLOs2jzo4qB~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1729505855&x-signature=owV1a5Qa%2FzrcU9EKYGmt5TZwzX8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">哪些</span>饱受电商平台“砍价分享”营销<span style="color: black;">困惑</span>的消费者,似乎对此喜闻乐见。<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">博客</span>下,有网友评论<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,“太好了,<span style="color: black;">最终</span><span style="color: black;">不消</span>帮人砍一刀了,我真的受够了”,<span style="color: black;">得到</span>过万高赞。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与消费者<span style="color: black;">区别</span>,部分第三方App服务<span style="color: black;">供给</span>商为此“头疼”。 一位互联网从业人员告诉南都记者,虽然<span style="color: black;">微X</span>只是<span style="color: black;">需求</span>外链<span style="color: black;">第1</span>步不要有弹窗,<span style="color: black;">无</span>明令禁止拉端,但<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上存在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>限制。而第三方App常常借助外链吸引用户点击下载,“薅”<span style="color: black;">微X</span>流量拉新导流,屏蔽直接<span style="color: black;">触及</span>业务冲突。其次,屏蔽可能会阻碍<span style="color: black;">信息</span>的通畅传播。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">清华大学国家战略<span style="color: black;">科研</span>院特约<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员刘旭指出,屏蔽将直接影响第三方App传播效果,但对<span style="color: black;">微X</span>而言,屏蔽<span style="color: black;">能够</span>防止“搭便车”并<span style="color: black;">守护</span>用户信息安全。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>在刘旭看来,屏蔽并非一个合适的做法。从防止“搭便车“<span style="color: black;">方向</span>来看,屏蔽<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>符合比例原则、<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">恰当</span>性仍值得商榷;从用户安全<span style="color: black;">方向</span>看,<span style="color: black;">微X</span>作出必要的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>提示<span style="color: black;">或</span>下载提示,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>起到<span style="color: black;">守护</span>效果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一直<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,互联网平台的屏蔽做法屡见不鲜。从淘宝<span style="color: black;">没法</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">微X</span>支付、京东<span style="color: black;">没法</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>支付宝,再到字节跳动高管喊话腾讯停止封杀“飞书”,以及<span style="color: black;">微X</span>屏蔽违规外链等等。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SM2lLPoGWGiSqy~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1729505855&x-signature=6k2WiFx4eKCk80LriPxyzpj1oes%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与此<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,外界<span style="color: black;">针对</span>平台屏蔽的垄断质疑<span style="color: black;">亦</span>纷至沓来。有声音认为平台以用户之名,行垄断之实。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SM2lLQLIzv12pZ~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1729505855&x-signature=zq%2Fun4eGMsh5BrCaBcim4lK9Iwo%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在一项<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>发起的“你认为平台屏蔽外链算垄断吗”网络调查中,约2.1万名用户<span style="color: black;">选取</span>肯定答案,约1.6万名用户认为不算垄断,还有9300多名用户认为要<span style="color: black;">详细</span>问题<span style="color: black;">详细</span>分析。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>《关于平台经济<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的反垄断指南(征求意见稿)》规定,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>市场<span style="color: black;">安排</span>地位的平台经济<span style="color: black;">行业</span>经营者,无正当理由拒绝与交易相对人进行交易,可能<span style="color: black;">形成</span><span style="color: black;">乱用</span>市场<span style="color: black;">安排</span>地位<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">指南还<span style="color: black;">说到</span>,认定平台<span style="color: black;">形成</span>必需<span style="color: black;">设备</span>,需要综合<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>其他平台的可替代性、<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>存在潜在可用平台、发展竞争性平台的可行性、交易相对人对该平台的依赖程度、开放平台对该平台经营者可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的影响等<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为防争议,专家<span style="color: black;">意见</span>平台提请反垄断执法<span style="color: black;">公司</span>审查规则</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">互联网屏蔽,<span style="color: black;">到底</span>属于平台的经营自由,还是在<span style="color: black;">乱用</span>市场<span style="color: black;">安排</span>地位实施垄断?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有观点认为,互联网平台成长<span style="color: black;">背面</span>是巨大的成本和代价,屏蔽多出于防止“搭便车”的目的,这种做法符合<span style="color: black;">商场</span><span style="color: black;">规律</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>强制平台开放,会影响经营者建设平台以及后来者的创新积极性,还可能会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>用户个人信息<span style="color: black;">守护</span>等安全<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">刘旭告诉南都记者,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">乱用</span>市场<span style="color: black;">安排</span>地位认定路径,先要确认<span style="color: black;">关联</span>平台<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">安排</span>地位。“用户对<span style="color: black;">微X</span>的依赖性较强,认定其市场<span style="color: black;">安排</span>地位可能相对容易。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>换成头部短视频平台,虽然<span style="color: black;">亦</span>占据较高市场份额,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>用户转换成本低,锁定效应不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>,<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>市场<span style="color: black;">安排</span>地位还很难说。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">刘旭还强调,判定平台垄断要结合消费者对平台的<span style="color: black;">实质</span>用途、<span style="color: black;">运用</span>场景、以及分享带来的影响,再作<span style="color: black;">详细</span>分析。“在泛社交<span style="color: black;">行业</span>,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>的社交互动、信息交流都绕不开<span style="color: black;">微X</span>。虽然支付宝用户数量<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很庞大,但有多少人用支付宝去交流呢?”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">日前</span>指南还只是一份征求意见稿,比较笼统抽象,可操作性不是很强,<span style="color: black;">详细</span>运用要看个案实践,但不排除有企业就此举报或起诉腾讯。”刘旭<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>道。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>南都记者<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到,<span style="color: black;">这次</span><span style="color: black;">微X</span>实施屏蔽<span style="color: black;">能够</span>算得上“先礼后兵”,先于去年12月作出整改提醒,1月再对违规外链实施屏蔽。<span style="color: black;">微X</span>的处理依据为<span style="color: black;">关联</span>法律法规,以及《<span style="color: black;">微X</span><span style="color: black;">外边</span>链接内容管理规范》《<span style="color: black;">微X</span>开放平台运营规范》 《<span style="color: black;">微X</span>开放平台<span style="color: black;">研发</span>者服务协议》。平台规则,<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>看作实施屏蔽的正当理由?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“重点在于平台规则<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>符合反垄断法,<span style="color: black;">有没有</span>法律依据。平台<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>事前提醒,与规则<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>符合《反垄断法》<span style="color: black;">无</span>关系。”刘旭说道。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">刘旭认为,无论平台<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>市场<span style="color: black;">安排</span>地位,或<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">形成</span>必需<span style="color: black;">设备</span>,都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>请反垄断执法<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>规则<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>会有限制竞争效果,<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">恰当</span>性,以及<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>符合比例原则。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>执法<span style="color: black;">公司</span>对此公示征求意见或组织听证,在一<span style="color: black;">定时</span>限内不提出异议,平台再落地实施,就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>避免争议。这<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">守护</span>市场竞争环境和投资者、消费者利益,都是一个比较稳妥的<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">采写:南都记者 黄莉玲 黄慧诗</p>
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