晚期癌症病人病痛率高达75%，乳腺癌病人怎么样更好地应对“癌痛”？
<strong style="color: blue;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ukgsGc6BID43egQrb3I63a9WgQicK7XbickDOOWHianO1ic3N4D2Yict8dcQzBHe5iaM6lJw3y1HIiaiaK3Pic4sqmzd7sA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ukgsGc6BID5icH7fknaQxkiaRibZhYX2bKGWHVTSFlxgKY74w8bGp2w4SFbxXhG6yJ98xm3G4hesfPOnjjFMR433Q/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></strong><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ukgsGc6BID6ecGtBnFlcaXXWtkdZrv3hfh2ZLKNLjO6EbWfSYPDwIHp4lKOegL0u6Lahcccw6TVqY5aZH1b50Q/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ukgsGc6BID6ecGtBnFlcaXXWtkdZrv3hfh2ZLKNLjO6EbWfSYPDwIHp4lKOegL0u6Lahcccw6TVqY5aZH1b50Q/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">“啊！——好痛啊——”脊椎<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>一阵剧痛，随即，一股灼烧似的撕裂感游走于身<span style="color: black;">身体</span>，痛得直捶墙。隔几秒，<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>又<span style="color: black;">起始</span>下一次循环！</span><span style="color: black;">这便是一位癌症晚期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>，常常因<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>在半夜醒来<span style="color: black;">没</span>数次，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>连喘息和翻身都<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>一种奢侈。面对癌痛，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就束手<span style="color: black;">没</span>策了吗？<span style="color: black;">针对</span>癌症所<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>还远远<span style="color: black;">不足</span>。</span><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>是癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>和难以忍受的症状之一，严重地影响癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生活质量。初诊癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>率约为25%，而<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">晚期癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>率<span style="color: black;">达到</span>60%~80%，其中1/3 的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>为重度<span style="color: black;">病痛</span></strong></span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/TUOpA9z4IicrTTEFnvVOnicy0laAypSZXR5zcHGTomuftJBU7HgkYS74VnIRBunxJLPWJk5H8e4HZhZOcvpM0pLQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：摄图网</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">每一次的剧烈<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>都会使<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">逐步</span>失去治疗的<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>，焦虑、抑郁接踵而至。晚期癌性<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>愈加激烈，<span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>让<span style="color: black;">病人</span>痛不欲生，不仅消耗<span style="color: black;">病人</span>为数不多的体力，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>使身体对肿瘤细胞的免疫力急剧下降，严重影响<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生活和<span style="color: black;">心理</span>。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会加速病情发展，让<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">处在</span>极度痛苦的精神<span style="color: black;">心情</span>之下，可能<span style="color: black;">病人</span>会在煎熬中度过这人生最后的一个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">导致</span>癌痛的三个成因</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;">癌痛的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>多样，大致可分为以下3 类：</span><span style="color: black;">(1) <strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性<span style="color: black;">病痛</span></span></strong>：<span style="color: black;">由于</span>肿瘤直接侵犯、压迫局部组织，<span style="color: black;">或</span>肿瘤转移累及骨、软组织等<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">(2) <strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">抗肿瘤治疗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性<span style="color: black;">病痛</span></span></strong>：<span style="color: black;">平常</span>于手术、创伤性操作、放射治疗、其他<span style="color: black;">理学</span>治疗以及<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗等抗肿瘤治疗<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。如<span style="color: black;">因为</span>恶病质等<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>活动<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、肌痉挛等。</span><span style="color: black;">(3) <strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">非肿瘤<span style="color: black;">原因</span>性<span style="color: black;">病痛</span></span></strong>：<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的其他合并症、并发症以及社会心理<span style="color: black;">原因</span>等非肿瘤<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">区别癌痛，才能更好地对付它</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;">有时候<span style="color: black;">病人</span>身体产生<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>并非是癌症<span style="color: black;">导致</span>，例如肚子痛可能是因<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>不规范<span style="color: black;">引起</span>，更好地<span style="color: black;">认识</span>癌痛，<span style="color: black;">才可</span>更好地对付癌痛。</span><span style="color: black;">癌痛<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">大多表现为慢性<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性的</strong></span>，以<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>为最短周期，而其他的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>大部分是短期性的。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>时，<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">可做好<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的记录，更好地针对性治疗</strong></span>。</span><span style="color: black;">记录的内容<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>以下五点：</span><span style="color: black;">1、<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的部位和范围：点痛还是片痛，是一个部位痛还是全身都痛。</span><span style="color: black;">2、<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性：是一阵阵的痛还是<span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>的痛，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是一阵阵的痛，间隔时间是多久。</span><span style="color: black;">3、<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>诱发<span style="color: black;">原因</span>：是不是有受其他<span style="color: black;">原因</span>的影响。</span><span style="color: black;">4、<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的性质：刀割样、钝痛还是隐痛。</span><span style="color: black;">5、<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的程度：0度-Ⅳ度；0-10分。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/TUOpA9z4IicrTTEFnvVOnicy0laAypSZXR6Jm3jUzrI6afuH9ibID0vSZ7y5JDsIPwlCAeA6b1D1tW5nhbeqic6wdA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：百度图库</span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">都数</span>中晚期癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>等级都<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">达到</span>到7级以上，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>10级</strong></span>，而<span style="color: black;">自然生产</span>生<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>和被开水烫<span style="color: black;">便是</span>10级疼。这种<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>感用“痛不欲生”来形容都不为过，<span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不被<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>生的决心和意念终将被摧毁。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">缓解“癌痛”最基本的用药原则</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">（1）口服给药</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">。口服是最方便且最常用的服药方式，相<span style="color: black;">针对</span>注射给药，口服液更加安全，<span style="color: black;">很难</span>产生依赖性，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>采用口<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>药的方式<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>癌痛。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>口服，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>静脉、皮下、直肠和经皮给药。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">（2）按阶梯给药。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">应<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>程度，有针对性地<span style="color: black;">选择</span>不同性质、<span style="color: black;">功效</span>强度的<span style="color: black;">止疼</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</span></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/TUOpA9z4IicrTTEFnvVOnicy0laAypSZXRzPhYOJa3ibKPNsH5FTG2FsxvL9ibdsemLsuw3cttUzAg6V0Ue9aQvE3Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">各阶梯强度<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>适应的<span style="color: black;">止疼</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span></span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">（3）按时给药。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">根据</span>规定的间隔<span style="color: black;">连续</span>有规律的给<span style="color: black;">病人</span>用药，<span style="color: black;">这般</span>更有助于维持稳定、有效的血药浓度。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>，缓释<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>日益广泛，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>以速释阿片类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>进行剂量滴定，以缓释阿片<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span>用药的止痛<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">（4）个体化给药。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">需<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的病情、肿瘤的类型、用药后的耐受程度和反应，定制个性化的用药<span style="color: black;">方法</span>，以此达到有效<span style="color: black;">止疼</span>的效果。随着<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的变化，可能用药剂量<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会有所<span style="color: black;">调节</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">（5）<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span>细节。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">对<span style="color: black;">运用</span>止痛药的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>要加强监护，密切观察<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>缓解程度和反应<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，并且<span style="color: black;">即时</span>采取必要<span style="color: black;">办法</span>尽可能地减少<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的不良反应。</span></span><span style="color: black;">除<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗外，非<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>用于癌痛治疗，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>可采用介入治疗、放疗（姑息性止痛放疗）、针灸、心理支持等。适当的应用非<span style="color: black;">药品</span>疗法<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>止痛达到更好的效益，<span style="color: black;">增多</span>止痛治疗的效果。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">面对“癌痛”，家属<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做什么？</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">1、分散<span style="color: black;">重视</span>力</strong></span><span style="color: black;">当<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>癌痛<span style="color: black;">情况</span>时，可利用<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">爱好</span>的事来分散<span style="color: black;">重视</span>力，如听音乐，缓解<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的些许<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2、松弛治疗法</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>按摩、轻抚等<span style="color: black;">办法</span>使全身肌肉<span style="color: black;">处在</span>松弛状态。松弛治疗能解除精神上的紧张，伸展骨骼肌，阻断和缓解<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，并可<span style="color: black;">诱发</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>多种生理生化反应。如使得机体耗氧量减少，<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>、心跳速率减慢，血压下降等。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">3、心理治疗法</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">心情</span>会比较<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>，容易暴躁。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>，要<span style="color: black;">经过</span>心理疏通的方式来让<span style="color: black;">病人</span>释然。积极地面对<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能够让自己挨得住<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，有<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>要治疗<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的念想。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">4、<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>管理</strong></span><span style="color: black;">《NCCN成人癌痛指南》<span style="color: black;">知道</span>强调<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>管理应达到“4A”<span style="color: black;">目的</span>，即优化的<span style="color: black;">止疼</span>、优化的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>生活、最小的不良反应、避免不恰当给药。<span style="color: black;">乱用</span>、误用<span style="color: black;">药品</span>对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有很大的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，因而，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>家属需<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">科学处置、储藏、处理<span style="color: black;">药品</span></strong></span>，并<span style="color: black;">按时</span>观察监测<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">情况</span>。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">封面<span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：</span>稿定设计</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">责任编辑：网友投稿</span>乳腺癌互助君</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ukgsGc6BID6ypgRlTVLIbzJ5AoOwIf0Wiah7K1zpYHkpEV1iaTgNUjeY5zdscIdTl2jktoucLcByia0E5pB426s2A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">点击<span style="color: black;">阅读原文</span>，加入觅健<img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
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