9q13nh 发表于 2024-6-24 07:10:40

一款抗癌药和千亿市值神话


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一款抗癌药能撑起千亿市值吗?今天的科创板告诉<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>:<span style="color: black;">能够</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2020年7月15日,中国原研药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>君实生物<span style="color: black;">(SH:688180)</span>登陆科创板,当日开盘价为216.00元,涨幅289.19%。<span style="color: black;">截止</span>首日收盘,君实生物报151.00元,全天涨幅172.07%,市值高达1315.63亿。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">君实之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>令人侧目,不仅在于上市首日涨幅之妖,还在于其盘中一度贴近2000亿元的尖峰市值——这个数字,几乎<span style="color: black;">已然</span>探到A股生物医药龙头股恒瑞医药的腰部<span style="color: black;">(同日市值:5465.42亿)</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">更令人瞠目结舌的是,<strong style="color: blue;">君实市值虽超千亿,但2019年收入仅7.75亿</strong>……凭什么?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">孙汝亮、杨景诒、刘博涵、肖孟乔丨作者</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">李拓、刘冬宇丨编辑</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">放大灯团队丨策划</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">吹起科创板千亿蜃楼</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">新冠疫情<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,医药健康产业迎来前所未有的<span style="color: black;">好处</span>。</p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今年上半年,A股上半年个股涨幅排名中,前五席均被医药股包揽,其中英科医疗股价累计涨幅超1013%,之后是硕世生物、未名医药、奥翔药业和振德医疗,累计涨幅均超200%。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">承载着中国版纳斯达克之梦的科创板,更为这涨势添了一把柴:新股在科创板上市,既不<span style="color: black;">需求</span>保持盈利,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不设登陆当日的涨跌幅度限制。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>君实生物上市首日便连中两元——<strong style="color: blue;">亏损上市、天价涨幅</strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">更有意思的是,<strong style="color: blue;">在君实生物简单的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>结构中,99.9%营收来自旗下<span style="color: black;">获准</span>的<span style="color: black;">独一</span>一款<span style="color: black;">药品</span></strong>,PD-1抗癌药特瑞普利单抗<span style="color: black;">(商品名“拓益”)</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PD-1抗癌药,是一类采取免疫疗法的癌症新药,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是最早<span style="color: black;">获准</span>走向产业化的抗癌<span style="color: black;">药品</span>之一,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>很早便<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>了资本市场的关注和追捧。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">关于PD-1,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在文末为您准备了<span style="color: black;">有些</span>友好的科普,请耐心看完哦</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">早在2014年,有专家接受《华尔街日报》采访时预测:PD-1/PD-L1在<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>的潜在市场规模有350亿美元/年<span style="color: black;"></span>,这个数字后来为不少PD-1<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的分析和<span style="color: black;">报告</span>所津津乐道。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但这可能还低估了它。PD-1<span style="color: black;">药品</span>市场规模在后来<span style="color: black;">快速</span>增长,2019年<span style="color: black;">营销</span>额<span style="color: black;">已然</span>超过230亿美元,其中诞生了百时美施贵宝的欧狄沃<span style="color: black;">(Opdivo,下文简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>:“O药”)</span>与默沙东的可瑞达<span style="color: black;">(Keytruda,下文简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>:“K药”)</span>两款明星<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,2019年,二者<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>年销量均超70亿美元。<span style="color: black;"></span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/nY1TzTHeMNmsOI6B2a9h74LvpGz6dtM25PBMcibVuxegTHVpgsZKoojgMZpkeTmbXCmewQiaYzTwn4k2TCFqq3wA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">注:君实拓益2019年<span style="color: black;">营销</span>额7.75亿元(约1.1亿美元)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图丨医药魔方</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“中国癌症<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>谱不同于西方,前四大实体瘤<span style="color: black;">(肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌)</span>均可用抗PD-1治疗,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>预计中国抗PD-1治疗核心适用人群总计204万人</strong>。”国信证券经济<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所2019年<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的《创新药盘点系列报告》指出:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“国内市场抗PD-1<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>定价范围应在<strong style="color: blue;">10-15万元人民币/(人·年)</strong>,预计国内有效市场空间<strong style="color: blue;">超过400亿元</strong>,<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>准入后<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>情形<span style="color: black;">达到</span>100亿美元。PD-1将<span style="color: black;">作为</span>中国肿瘤<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的最高标杆,多个国内重磅新药和超级重磅新药,均有望在上市6-7年后达到巅峰<span style="color: black;">营销</span>额。“</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/nY1TzTHeMNmsOI6B2a9h74LvpGz6dtM2oqmI6tkY263B0W26oHqbzdubv4bt5ON9W9RgoaJKU3S3wDOib91SVYw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图丨国信证券</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">据放大灯团队<span style="color: black;">(ID:guokr233)</span>统计,<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>国内注册审批的PD-1单抗药物一共有六家:国外厂商两家,国内厂商四家。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/nY1TzTHeMNmsOI6B2a9h74LvpGz6dtM2YEWUajkptcVztfyMsS4WYcibYm3kKtmDUeZZOF2UITqMGTQXnoW2P9A/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">国内<span style="color: black;">获准</span>PD-1单抗<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span>,其中两家国外厂商均已<span style="color: black;">获准</span>大适应症,四家国内厂商均为小适应症 | 放大灯制图,7月15日</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>在中国市场的6款<span style="color: black;">药品</span>中,最畅销是K药。公开资料<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,K药2018年9月<span style="color: black;">获准</span>进入国内市场后,仅一年的<span style="color: black;">营销</span>额就已超20亿元人民币。<span style="color: black;"></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在不敌<span style="color: black;">外边</span>竞争对手的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,君实的直接竞争对象是其它三大国<span style="color: black;">制品</span>牌:信达、恒瑞与百济神州。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2019年,国内创新药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>接连推出的数个免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂,均已在中国上市——</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2018年12月,抗PD-1单抗特瑞普利单抗<span style="color: black;">(拓益;上海君实生物)</span>
    </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上市,用于治疗常规全身治疗失败的局部晚期或转移性黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">信迪利单抗<span style="color: black;">(达伯舒;信达/礼来)</span>在2018年年底<span style="color: black;">获准</span>,于2019年2月上市,其适应症为复发/难治性经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤<span style="color: black;">(cHL)</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2019年5月末,江苏恒瑞的抗PD-1单抗卡瑞利珠单抗<span style="color: black;">(艾瑞卡)</span><span style="color: black;">获准</span>上市。卡瑞利珠单抗适应症是<span style="color: black;">做为</span>接受过二线全身化疗的复发/难治性cHL<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的三线治疗;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2019年12月,百济神州的人源化抗PD-1单克隆抗体替雷利珠单抗<span style="color: black;">(百泽安)</span><span style="color: black;">获准</span>用于同一适应症。<span style="color: black;"></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">然而,尽管君实的特瑞普利单抗<span style="color: black;">获准</span>上市比信达早了<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>,但后续<span style="color: black;">营销</span>上这款药的实力并不敌信达和恒瑞。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2019年和2020年<span style="color: black;">第1</span>季度,PD-1单抗为君实生物带来的收入分别为7.75亿元和1.72亿元,信达生物则为10.16亿元和4亿元,恒瑞方面并<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">颁布</span>卡瑞利珠单抗的单独营收,但业内估计其<span style="color: black;">营销</span>额过10亿元。<span style="color: black;"></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">导致</span>差距的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>之一是君实的单抗药属于“独苗<span style="color: black;">制品</span>”,且对应的市场规模<span style="color: black;">非常</span>有限;<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,2019年11月信达生物的达伯舒已进入<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>目录,价格降幅超过60%,但君实的PD-1<span style="color: black;">制品</span>则未能进入。<span style="color: black;"></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">脆弱的神话</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在招股书中,君实<span style="color: black;">说到</span>,其已上市的PD-1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂特瑞普利<span style="color: black;">获准</span>适应证为黑色素瘤。</p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但一个尴尬的事实是,在中国,黑色素瘤每年新发病例约2万人<span style="color: black;"></span>;国际上,该病存在巨大的东西方差异:国际指南中<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">触及</span>的皮肤黑色素瘤多发于西方诸国,而我国病例以肢端黑色素瘤和粘膜黑色素瘤为主。2019年,北京大学肿瘤医院教授郭军曾在美国临床肿瘤协会年会<span style="color: black;">(ASCO)</span>黑色素瘤专场上<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>黏膜黑色素瘤,尚看不出PD-1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂较之化疗有<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">优良</span>。<span style="color: black;"></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>拘泥于单一癌种,特瑞普利并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>给君实的市值带来<span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">提升</span>空间。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,君实<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在为自家<span style="color: black;">独一</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>申请<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>适应症,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>在中国更主流的癌种:非小细胞肺癌、食管癌、鼻咽癌、肝细胞癌和乳腺癌。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/nY1TzTHeMNmsOI6B2a9h74LvpGz6dtM2jEsiauiakNeIB5veiaVgwoJKd6F5kfEJ7T7hQ4B09lSPoWawibgGdfeIvA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">君实抗癌药特瑞普利单抗(即拓益)的适应症。丨君实官网</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>适应症有望加深君实的护城河。然而,与CAR-T并<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>免疫疗法的“两架马车”、素以广谱低毒著<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>的PD-1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂,盛名之下,<span style="color: black;">自己</span>的局限<span style="color: black;">亦</span>日渐暴露。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PD-1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂的决定性<span style="color: black;">优良</span>在其长效。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2019年4月的美国癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>协会<span style="color: black;">(AACR)</span>年会上,Julie Brahmer等<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">发布</span>了名为“超级曲线”<span style="color: black;">(Magacurve)</span>的大规模肺癌免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>汇总分析结果。经统计,O药的四项大型临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,664名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的整体4年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率达到了14%,较之历史数据的4%~5%和化疗组的5%高了近两倍。<span style="color: black;"></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但PD-1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂抗癌药并<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">那样</span>完美。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>是有效率</strong>。据<span style="color: black;">报告</span>,对<span style="color: black;">都数</span>癌种,未经拣选的晚期病人单用PD-1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂的有效率<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>10%~30%,远不如许多靶向药。<span style="color: black;"></span><span style="color: black;">提高</span>有效率的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>被<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>在成本<span style="color: black;">昂贵</span>的联合治疗上,大大加重了<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">包袱</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">其次,市场规模<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是个问题</strong>。对某些小适应症,如经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤,PD-1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂的有效率倒是出奇的高,一跃突破60%——遗憾的是,在淋巴瘤家族中,非霍奇金淋巴瘤占到了80%~90%,而据《2019年淋巴瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span><span style="color: black;">情况</span>白皮书》,霍奇金亚型在我国的发病率<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>0.32/10万,在国际上<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是典型的罕见病。<span style="color: black;"></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>,相对传统化疗,PD-1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂毒、副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>低的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>在靶向治疗、免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的众多新选项中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>算不上鹤立鸡群</strong>。更有甚者,对免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂可能诱发<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫病的担忧正在与日俱增。2019年5月,享誉世界的O药在日本临床实践中爆出严重副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>脑垂体炎计11例,其中1例<span style="color: black;">病人</span>不治身亡。<span style="color: black;"></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">只靠特瑞普利单抗,远远<span style="color: black;">没</span>法支撑君实上千亿的市值。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">新故事并不性感</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">君实<span style="color: black;">必须</span>新故事,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>新冠肺炎——2020年,君实<span style="color: black;">亦</span>参与了新冠疫苗<span style="color: black;">开发</span>大战,<span style="color: black;">不外</span>更像是“敲边鼓”。</p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">立项上,君实就晚于礼来和再生元:君实3月20日才宣布与中科院微生物所合作<span style="color: black;">研发</span>中和抗体<span style="color: black;">(JS016)</span>,然而两天前,再生元就<span style="color: black;">已然</span>宣布,找到了两种有效的抗体用于<span style="color: black;">研发</span>鸡尾酒疗法,而礼来则比再生元还要早上5天。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6月7日,Ⅰ期临床<span style="color: black;">获准</span>的君实因国内疫情好转,遇到受试者不足的问题。本轮招募<span style="color: black;">连续</span>了一个多月,临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>进度严重滞后。这<span style="color: black;">时期</span>,礼来完<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>Ⅰ期临床,再生元<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>宣布Ⅲ期<span style="color: black;">起步</span>。<span style="color: black;"></span>不仅如此,新加坡Tychan和阿斯利康与君实的差距<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在缩短,随时可能赶超。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>说君实生物在中和抗体进度上还有理由自我开脱,那君实投资的另一家<span style="color: black;">机构</span>——斯微生物面临越来越多的质疑就尴尬了。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在1月28日,斯微生物便宣布<span style="color: black;">开发</span>新冠病毒的mRNA疫苗,这几乎是国内最早一批宣布<span style="color: black;">研发</span>疫苗的国内生物医药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">然而小半年时间过去了,斯微生物mRNA疫苗依然卡在临床申报<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;"></span>,而进度最快的两款mRNA疫苗——辉瑞、BioNTech<span style="color: black;">一起</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>的BNT162b1和Moderna的mRNA-1273,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>在为Ⅲ期临床进行准备。<span style="color: black;"></span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/nY1TzTHeMNmsOI6B2a9h74LvpGz6dtM2fcCAqxwaXCFzaqKp3Yt7e7l3mjdXp0lzYc8t607lDNka8eJGvWe3WA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">三家<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的mRNA疫苗<span style="color: black;">开发</span>管线 | 放大灯制图</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">失去了速度<span style="color: black;">优良</span>,君实的价值还应再打折扣,但饱受疫情<span style="color: black;">熬煎</span>的股民<span style="color: black;">已然</span>失去对“疫苗股”的判断力。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">事实上,<strong style="color: blue;">“传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>疫苗股”本身<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>概念股</strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">科兴生物<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个反面教材——科兴生物曾投入<span style="color: black;">开发</span>SARS疫苗,但<span style="color: black;">由于</span>疫情<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>消失,使得科兴生物Ⅱ期临床试验被迫中断,更<span style="color: black;">不消</span>说经济损失。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2020年1月疫情爆发,没人<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>新冠病毒会不会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>与SARS<span style="color: black;">一样</span>的事。为了避免重蹈科兴生物覆辙,自然会有<span style="color: black;">机构</span>会盘算着“空手套白狼”:先宣布<span style="color: black;">开发</span>疫苗炒高股价(<span style="color: black;">或</span>估值),再等疫情自然结束,停止“<span style="color: black;">开发</span>”退场。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">疫苗<span style="color: black;">机构</span>都深谙其中道理,即使是葛兰素史克、默沙东、赛诺菲和辉瑞,这四大疫苗巨头<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不约而同地把业务重心放在了新药上,疫苗业务的占比不足四分之一。<span style="color: black;"></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">疫苗巨头尚且如此,<span style="color: black;">评估</span>君实的指标,更不可能会是一两款新冠疫苗。从君实的<span style="color: black;">开发</span>管线来看,有多款在研<span style="color: black;">药品</span>都可能<span style="color: black;">作为</span>支撑君实股价的白衣武士。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了PD-1抗癌药特瑞普利单抗,君实生物共有21款在研<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,其中13项是自主<span style="color: black;">开发</span>的原创新药,8项与合作伙伴<span style="color: black;">一起</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>。这<span style="color: black;">其中</span>,君实生物的修美乐类似药UBP 1211已完成临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>、向国家<span style="color: black;">药物</span>监督管理局提交新药申请<span style="color: black;">(NDA)</span>并获受理。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/nY1TzTHeMNmsOI6B2a9h74LvpGz6dtM2vQHI2sxIZSPqYGldk1m1RHxfEDEstVNBicZL7dRUFv5v0iafuic80Zagw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">君实生物新药<span style="color: black;">开发</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>,滚动查看丨君实生物招股书</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尽管<span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">快速</span>,但其同类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>、<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>“药王”修美乐(阿达木单抗注射液)已于去年纳入<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>,药价最高降幅超过83%,再经<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>报销后,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span>支出每月不到一千元,这个市场能给君实留下多少空间<span style="color: black;">必须</span>打个问号。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">修美乐有着“药王”的<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>号,从2012年<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,修美乐就<span style="color: black;">始终</span>雄踞<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>处方药<span style="color: black;">营销</span>额的榜首,超出第二名<span style="color: black;">营销</span>额一倍以上。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,修美乐在华<span style="color: black;">获准</span>的适应症<span style="color: black;">包含</span>类风湿关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、银屑病以及多关节型幼年特发性关节炎。<span style="color: black;"> </span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了这款进入申请流程的新药外,君实的其它多项<span style="color: black;">制品</span>仍<span style="color: black;">处在</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>临床前<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>,需<span style="color: black;">连续</span>投入<span style="color: black;">很强</span>规模的<span style="color: black;">开发</span><span style="color: black;">花费</span>,后续业绩<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>未可知。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/nY1TzTHeMNmsOI6B2a9h74LvpGz6dtM2lqIZtqI77tXZdYdkuKyNjj2RTSHNma1Zeta7J7kj8nEUmxOOVymRlg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图丨君实生物招股书</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">耐人寻味的是,若以上市当天最高价计算,君实上市首日市值其实已蒸发近601亿元人民币。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>,明天呢?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">延伸阅读:PD-1<span style="color: black;">为何</span>这么红?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>为止,癌症的药物治疗史经受了三次浪潮的洗礼。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对癌细胞扩散、转移的<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>,让<span style="color: black;">理学</span>切除结合了放疗和化疗两种“杀敌一千,自损八百”的经典手段;本世纪,癌细胞基因突变的突破<span style="color: black;">最终</span>照亮了靶向治疗的可能;而<span style="color: black;">近期</span>的“第三波”瞄准的是癌细胞的免疫逃逸机制,结果催生了以抗PD-1免疫制剂为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的免疫疗法。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">人体不是好欺负的。<span style="color: black;">本来</span>正常细胞一旦“堕落”癌变,就理应被免疫系统遍体通缉、全身海捕。奈何道高一尺魔高一丈,癌细胞自有一套瞒天过海的手段,在各路免疫机制的追杀围猎下“萌混过关”。这种逍遥法外的通天本领<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">所说</span>的“免疫逃逸”<span style="color: black;">(immune evasion)</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">举个例子。即使是一旦<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>抗原即就地格杀的T细胞,为了避免误伤<span style="color: black;">没</span>辜,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不得不想方设法辨认谁是“自己人”。为此,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>上岗的T细胞都随身佩带着若干件用来验明抗原“正身”的设备——程序性死亡受体-1<span style="color: black;">(PD-1)</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>其中之一。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/nY1TzTHeMNmsOI6B2a9h74LvpGz6dtM2CG8Tt3DalWptJicrvCLRSfGrXNFxdaicTn0rOhUmUFgMydfM2snzUgjA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PD-1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂原理。图丨国信证券</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一旦正常细胞被盯上,它们就急忙向T细胞表面的PD-1出示“良民证”配体,消除误会。PD-1查了证,会<span style="color: black;">即时</span>限制T细胞的活性,阻止它“杀良冒功”。除了T细胞杀伤机制,其他免疫环节<span style="color: black;">亦</span>各自留有类似的保险式设计。这些能随机应变、调节免疫激活程度的“<span style="color: black;">公司</span>”有个名目,叫做“免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点”<span style="color: black;">(immune checkpoint)</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上有政策,下有对策。这厢T细胞“查证”,那厢癌细胞就办了“假证”。例如针对PD-1的程序性死亡受体-配体1<span style="color: black;">(PD-L1)</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能诱导PD-1把T细胞关进“小黑屋”,这就给了癌细胞金蝉脱壳的机会。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1992年,詹姆斯·艾利森与华人<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">摆设</span>平分别<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点蛋白CTLA-4,奏响了癌症免疫疗法的序曲。20世纪的最后几个月间,<span style="color: black;">摆设</span>平与日本京都大学免疫学家本庶佑又各自独立<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了PD-1。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">机制漏洞找到了,亡羊补牢<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就不是什么难事。办法<span style="color: black;">没</span>非两个:要么取缔“假证”,要么干脆不查。由是衍生出的两条抗癌路径中,PD-1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂的思路<span style="color: black;">便是</span>抢在癌细胞前面阻断T细胞对“假证”的识别,相当于取消了“查证”的环节;PD-L1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂则反其道而行之,抢在T细胞前面收缴“假证”。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2013年12月19日,美国《科学》杂志<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>2013年度十大科学突破评选结果,癌症免疫疗法力压CRISPR,高居榜首。<span style="color: black;"></span>五年后,本庶佑与艾利森平分了2018年份的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。<span style="color: black;"></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">人类抗癌史翻开了新的一页,癌症免疫疗法产业化的号角<span style="color: black;">亦</span>随之吹响,靶向抗体、溶瘤病毒、癌症疫苗等纷纷横空出世。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>说生物医药是永远的“朝阳行业”,癌症治疗则永远是那缕最刺目的光。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>2019年国家癌症中心报告:2015年中国恶性肿瘤发病约392.9万人,死亡约233.8万人;日均确诊患癌人数过万,平均每分钟就有7.5人确诊;近十余年,恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率各自以每年3.9%和2.5%的增幅稳步<span style="color: black;">提升</span>。<span style="color: black;"></span>以多种恶性实体瘤和部分血液瘤<span style="color: black;">做为</span>适应症的PD-1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂,自诞生之日起就<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>中国药企垂涎的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">References</span></span></span><span style="color: black;">:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> With Novartis-Glaxo Deal, Further Consolidation in Cancer Space Expected https://www.wsj.com/articles/with-novartis-glaxo-deal-further-consolidation-in-cancer-space-expected-1398276610?tesla=y</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;">全世界</span>10大热门靶点新药<span style="color: black;">营销</span>概况:PD-1/PD-L1市场规模超230亿美元 http://www.pharmcube.com/news/article/4814?index=news</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 君实、信达两家国产PD-1单抗入<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>的大猜想&nbsp; https://www.cls.cn/detail/406943</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Haslam, A., Prasad, V. Estimation of the percentage of US patients with cancer who are eligible for and respond to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy drugs. JAMA Netw Open 2019, 2(5): e192535.</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 5年3次上市融资超70亿&nbsp;,“吸金王”君实生物成色<span style="color: black;">怎样</span> https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Rs07L3fi5x77Eq1z_pV56g</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 君实科创板IPO、信达进<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span> 三大PD-1下一步拼什么?https://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/relnews/cn/2020-03-31/doc-iimxxsth2918521.shtml?tdsourcetag=s_pctim_aiomsg&amp;qq-pf-to=pcqq.group</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 科创板上市、“烧钱”<span style="color: black;">开发</span>忙<span style="color: black;">一直</span>,君实生物何时盈利?https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ghHpFflHbGX2UINHjxWegQ</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 中国黑色素瘤每年新发病例约2万人 以肢端和粘膜亚型为主</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">www.bjnews.com.cn/health/2018/08/25/501210.html</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 郭军教授专访:Leading Tumor黑色素瘤,中国<span style="color: black;">科研</span>赶超国际快车 http://news.medlive.cn/cancer/info-progress/show-143891_53.html</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 超级曲线,免疫疗法带来的<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>!https://www.pd1.cn/pd1-news/5676.html</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 关于PD-1<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的十大问题(下)https://www.pd1.cn/pd1-news/2599.html</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 活动<span style="color: black;">报告</span>|《2019淋巴瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span><span style="color: black;">情况</span>白皮书》<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>会 wap.house086.com/thread-159226-1-1.html</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 解药|PD-1抗癌药增补严重副<span style="color: black;">功效</span> 已有1人死亡 china.caixin.com/2019-05-16/101416204.html</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 弯道超车Moderna,辉瑞与BioNTech新冠病毒疫苗II期人体临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>取得重大<span style="color: black;">发展</span> https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/As3M0cOcffEtbgwJw00EVw</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 斯微生物<span style="color: black;">开发</span>管线 http://www.stemirna.com/product/index.aspx</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> BioNTechs Pipeline https://biontech.de/science/pipeline</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Modernas Pipeline https://www.modernatx.com/pipeline</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 很遗憾,你们期待的新冠肺炎疫苗可能没<span style="color: black;">那样</span>快 https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lldRelFwO81KOAvZMdn0ag</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 每月自付不到1000元!Humira进<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span> www.pharmcube.com/news/article/4503?index=news</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> “修美乐”7年长跑进国家<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span> 创新药<span style="color: black;">开发</span>迎政策红利https://m.21jingji.com/article/20191204/695f4d0a87edf1f636ca3c72874c5960.html</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 《科学》<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>2013年十大科学突破 scitech.people.com.cn/n/2013/1220/c1057-23905149.html</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 2018年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖、<span style="color: black;">理学</span>学奖、化学奖揭晓 http://www.cas.cn/tt/201810/t20181001_4665280.shtml</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 国家癌症中心:2018年全国最新癌症报告 http://www.zkbymed.com/Index/Index/zixuncont/id/105</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">- <span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的<span style="color: black;">文案</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许你会感兴趣 -</strong></span></p><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></a>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">《小冰与小娜:命运交叉的美少女AI》</span></a></p><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></a>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">《B站放卫星,是真的“秀”》</span></a></p><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></a>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">《特朗普不刷抖音》</span></a></p>、<img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">




b1gc8v 发表于 2024-11-10 11:14:11

楼主发的这篇帖子,我觉得非常有道理。
页: [1]
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